Bone and skeletal tissues
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| show | 1.Hyaline
2.Elastic
3.Fibrocartilage
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| Hyaline cartilage and skeletal tissue | show 🗑
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| Elastic cartilage and skeletal tissue | show 🗑
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| show | Found in vertebral pads and pubic symphasis; compressible due to high tensile strength; a good example is also the meniscus (pad in the knee) lays on top of the tibia and withstands compression from femur
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| Cartilage growth | show 🗑
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| Appositional growth | show 🗑
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| show | "within"; lacunae chondrocytes proliferate/secrete matrix inside cartilage; Very slow type of growth
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| 5 Vital functions of bone | show 🗑
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| 2 Regions of skeletal bones | show 🗑
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| show | long axis; skull, vertebral column
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| Appendicular skeleton | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Long bones
2.Short bones
3.Flat bones
4.Irregular bones
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| show | longer than they are wide; ex. femur
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| show | cube-shaped; ex. bones in wrist and ankle; alson bones within tendons like the patella
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| show | Thin and flattened; usually a bit curved; ex. sternum, skull bones, rib bones
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| show | Bones with complicated and abnormal shapes; ex. hip bones, vertebra
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| show | landmarks consistent with their use (bulges, depressions, and holes)
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| show | (bulges, depressions, and holes) Serve as sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments and tendons; form joint surfaces (ball and socket); conduits for blood vessels and nerves (holes)
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| show | 1.Compact bone
2.Spongy bone
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| show | usually on outer surface of bones; smooth and solid; formed by collagen that has been mineralized
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| Spongy bone (anatomy) | show 🗑
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| Spongy bone (functions/physiology) | show 🗑
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| Anatomy of long bones | show 🗑
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| Diaphysis | show 🗑
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| Medullary Cavity | show 🗑
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| show | Expanded ends of long bones; exterior is compact bone and interior is spongy bone; Joint surface is covered with articular (hyaline) cartilage
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| epiphyseal line | show 🗑
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| Articular (hyaline) cartilage in joints | show 🗑
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| 2 Layers of connective tissue in long bones | show 🗑
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| Endosteum | show 🗑
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| show | Around the bone; contains perforating (Sharpey's) fibers that connect the tissue to the bone; double-layered protective membrane (outer and inner layer); contains rich supply of nerves and blood vessels
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| Outer layer of periosteum | show 🗑
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| Inner layer of periosteum | show 🗑
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| 4 Types of bone cells | show 🗑
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| show | The ring looking structures in bone; basic structure of compact bone
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| Osteons are made of... | show 🗑
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| Concentric layers are made of... | show 🗑
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| show | In the middle of the osteon; and contains blood vessels (nutrients) and nerve fibers
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| show | Run across bone perpendicular to the central canals and carry blood vessels for nutrients to many different osteons
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| Lacunae | show 🗑
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| show | Spongy and compact bone
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| Connective tissues in short, irregular, and flat bones | show 🗑
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| show | "Red marrow"; this is where red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are made
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| show | When born all bone marrow is red; found in medullary cavity of diaphysis and all areas of spongy bone; Most turns yellow at puberty; most of the red blood cells that will remain throughout your life are made in the red marrow when your an infant
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| Red marrow (hematopoietic tissue) in adults | show 🗑
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| Inorganic chemical composition of bone | show 🗑
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| show | "Making of bone"; embryo- formation of bony skeleton; until adulthood- bone growth; adult- bone remodeling
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| Embryo bone development (2 types) | show 🗑
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| Membrane bone (embryo bone development) | show 🗑
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| Definition of endochondral bone (embryo bone development) | show 🗑
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| show | A hyaline cartilage model is formed and will continue to grow and look more like a bone while actual bone is being formed; The model has a "bony collar" on either side of the model
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| Step 2 of Endochondral bone (embryo bone development) | show 🗑
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| Step 3 of Endochondral bone (embryo bone development) | show 🗑
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| show | While osteoclasts break down spongy bone to form the marrow cavity the osteoblasts replace spongy bone with compact bone in the diaphysis; meanwhile the epiphyses are penetrated with a nutrient artery and being for form spongy bone (starts in center)
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| show | Left over hyaline cartilage between the diaphysis and epiphyses is turned into the epiphyseal plate or growth plate and continues bone growth; cartilage left outside epiphyses is turned into articular cartilage in joints
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| Epiphyseal plate functions | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Growth zone
2.Hypertonic zone
3.Calcification zone
4.Ossification zone
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| Growth zone | show 🗑
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| show | Zone where cartilage cells enlarge and prepare to die; above calcification zone
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| Calcification zone | show 🗑
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| Ossification zone | show 🗑
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| How epiphyseal plates close | show 🗑
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| Hormonal control and growth | show 🗑
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| Overview of bone growth | show 🗑
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| Bone turnover | show 🗑
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| Bone deposit | show 🗑
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| Vitamins and bones (bone deposit) | show 🗑
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| show | Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium
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| show | Break down of bone matrix; done by osteoclasts; done to raise blood calcium levels or remove necrotic debris
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| show | digest the organic matrix of bone
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| Acids and bone (bone resorption) | show 🗑
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| show | hormonal regulation and mechanical stress
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| Hormonal regulation of bone remodeling | show 🗑
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| Calcitonin & parathyroid hormones (bone remodeling) | show 🗑
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| Mechanical stress and bone remodeling | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Osteomalacia
2.Osteoporosis
3.Pagets disease
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| Osteomalacia | show 🗑
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| Osteoporosis | show 🗑
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| show | Excessive bone formation and breakdown; abnormal ratio of spongy bone to compact bone; poor mineralization of new bone; may be viral in origin
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| Bone heals... | show 🗑
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| show | Hematoma (clot) forms; injured cells die; swelling, pain, and inflammation; this occurs shortly after break
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| Step 2 of bone healing | show 🗑
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| show | Fibrocartilage callus; soft callus (granulation); capillaries form; fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts are not present; occurs 2-4 days after break
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| Step 4 of bone healing | show 🗑
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| show | Bone remodeling; begins with bony callus formation; then formation of the medullary cavity; then lastly formation of compact bone
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