Mod. 1 Vital Signs
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| Vital Signs | "Cardinal Signs"; indicate: pt. condition, presence of life, disease; crucial to correct dx.; temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure
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| Body Temperature | balance between heat produced/heat lost in body; maintained by hypothalamus
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| heat production | muscle contraction, metabolism, fever, emotional states
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| heat loss | urine, feces, water vapor from lungs, perspiration(evaporation), conduction, convection, radiation
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| conduction | transfer of heat from one object to another through contact
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| convection | transfer of heat through air currents
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| radiation | transfer of heat in form of waves
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| temp. sites | oral, rectal, axillary, aural(tympanic), skin
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| temperature range | 97-99 degrees farenheit
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| oral temperature | most convenient; may be affected by eating, drinking, smoking, chewing gum, talking
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| rectal temperature | most accurate, 1 degree higher than oral; used commonly in infants/young children, unconscious pt., mouth-breathers; DO NOT USE in NEWBORNS; note site on chart
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| axillary temperature | 1 degree lower than oral; use in toddlers/preschoolers, mouth-breathers/mouth problems; note site on chart
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| aural (tympanic) temperature | easily accessible; good for children under 6, uncooperative pt., pt. who can't take oral temp.
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| pyrexia | fever, above 100.4 degrees F; heat prod. > heat loss
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| hyperpyrexia | temp above 105.8 degrees F; serious condition; above 109.4 generally fatal
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| hypothermia | body temp below 97 degrees F; heat loss > heat prod. Below 93.2 generally fatal
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| low-grade fever | temp between 99 deg. F and 100.4 deg. F
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| temperature variations | time of day (lower overnight/morning), age(higher infants/children, lower/elderly), exercise(higher), emotional states(higher), environment(cold/lower, hot/higher), pregnancy(higher)
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| febrile | describes pt. w/ fever
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| afebrile | describing pt. w/o fever
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| stages of fever | onset, course, subsiding
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