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SB/Combining Forms

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Combining Form
Meaning
mast/o   breast; mastoid process  
🗑
esthes/o   sensation, feeling  
🗑
nat/o   birth  
🗑
ven/o   vein  
🗑
ablat/o   take away, destroy  
🗑
abras/o   scrape off  
🗑
access/o   supplemental  
🗑
acr/o   extremity; highest point  
🗑
actin/o   rays of the sun  
🗑
acu/o   needle; sharpness  
🗑
acus/o   the sense of hearing  
🗑
adjuv/o   giving help or assistance  
🗑
affect/o   state of mind; mood  
🗑
affer/o   bring toward the center  
🗑
agglutin/o   clumping, sticking  
🗑
aggreg/o   crowding together  
🗑
ag/o   to lead to  
🗑
agon/o   causing action  
🗑
agor/o   open area or space  
🗑
aliment/o   food, nourishment  
🗑
alkal/o   base (high pH)  
🗑
all/o   other, strange  
🗑
ambly/o   dimness  
🗑
amygdal/o   almond shape  
🗑
anabol/o   building up  
🗑
analy/o   to separate  
🗑
anastom/o   unite 2 tubular structures  
🗑
ancill/o   servant, accessory  
🗑
angi/o   blood vessel  
🗑
anis/o   unequal  
🗑
anthrac/o   coal  
🗑
apher/o   withdrawal  
🗑
apic/o   apex  
🗑
appendic/o   appendix  
🗑
appendicul/o   limb; small attached part  
🗑
append/o   small structure hanging from a larger structure  
🗑
appercept/o   fully perceived  
🗑
arachn/o   spider, spider web  
🗑
articul/o   joint  
🗑
ascit/o   ascites  
🗑
astr/o   starlike structure  
🗑
atel/o   incomplete  
🗑
ather/o   soft, fatty substance  
🗑
atheromat/o   fatty deposit or mass  
🗑
athet/o   without position or place  
🗑
attenu/o   weakened  
🗑
augment/o   to indrease in size or degree  
🗑
auricul/o   ear  
🗑
balan/o   penis  
🗑
bar/o   weight  
🗑
basil/o   base of an organ  
🗑
bas/o   base of a structure; basic (alkaline)  
🗑
blephar/o   eyelid  
🗑
botul/o   sausage  
🗑
brux/o   to grind teeth  
🗑
cac/o   bad, poor  
🗑
calc/o   calcium  
🗑
calcul/o   stone  
🗑
calic/o, cali/o   calix  
🗑
calor/o   heat  
🗑
can/o   resembling a dog  
🗑
capill/o   hairlike structure  
🗑
capn/o   carbon dioxide  
🗑
carb/o   carbon atoms  
🗑
carbox/y   carbon dioxide  
🗑
cari/o   caries (tooth decay)  
🗑
carot/o   stupor, sleep  
🗑
catabol/o   breaking down  
🗑
caud/o   tailbone, lower part of body  
🗑
caus/o   burning  
🗑
cavit/o, cav/o   hollow space  
🗑
celi/o   abdomen  
🗑
cellul/o   cell  
🗑
cervic/o   neck, cervix  
🗑
chez/o   to pass stool  
🗑
chir/o   hand  
🗑
chlor/o   chloride  
🗑
cholangi/o   bile duct  
🗑
chol/e, chol/o   bile, gall  
🗑
cholecyst/o   gallbladder  
🗑
choledoch/o   common bile duct  
🗑
chondri/o   little granule  
🗑
choroid/o   choroid (middle layer around the eye)  
🗑
cid/o   killing  
🗑
cili/o   hairlike structure  
🗑
cirrh/o   yellow  
🗑
claudicat/o   limping pain  
🗑
cleid/o   clavicle (collar bone)  
🗑
clon/o   rapid contracting & relaxing  
🗑
coarct/o   pressed together  
🗑
cochle/o   cochlea (of the inner ear)  
🗑
coit/o   sexual intercourse  
🗑
coll/a   fibers that hold together  
🗑
colp/o   vagina  
🗑
comminut/o   break into minute pieces  
🗑
compress/o   press together  
🗑
congest/o   accumulation of fluid  
🗑
coni/o   dust  
🗑
conjug/o   joined together  
🗑
con/o   cone  
🗑
contus/o   bruising  
🗑
copr/o   feces, stool  
🗑
cor/o   pupil  
🗑
coron/o   encircling structure  
🗑
coron/o   encircling structure  
🗑
cor/o   pupil  
🗑
corpor/o   body  
🗑
cortic/o   cortex (outer region)  
🗑
cosmet/o   attractive, adorned  
🗑
crin/o   secrete  
🗑
cry/o   cold  
🗑
cubit/o   elbow  
🗑
culd/o   cul-de-sac  
🗑
cusp/o   projection, point  
🗑
cut/i   skin  
🗑
cyan/o   blue  
🗑
cycl/o   ciliary body of the eye; cycle; circle  
🗑
cyt/o   cell  
🗑
dacry/o   lacrimal sac; tears  
🗑
dec/i   on tenth  
🗑
decidu/o   falling off  
🗑
degluti/o   swallowing  
🗑
delt/o   triangle  
🗑
dem/o   people; population  
🗑
dendr/o   branching structure  
🗑
densit/o   density  
🗑
dentit/o   eruption of teeth  
🗑
desicc/o   to dry up  
🗑
dextr/o   right  
🗑
dextr/o   sugar  
🗑
diaphor/o   seating  
🗑
diaphys/o   shaft of a bond  
🗑
diastol/o   dilating  
🗑
didym/o   tests  
🗑
dips/o   thirst  
🗑
dos/i   dose  
🗑
duc/o   bring or move  
🗑
dur/o   dura mater  
🗑
dyn/o   pain  
🗑
ecchym/o   blood in the tissues  
🗑
eclamps/o   a seizure  
🗑
ectat/o   dilation  
🗑
ectop/o   outside of a place  
🗑
edentul/o   without teeth  
🗑
efface/o   do away with; obliterate  
🗑
effus/o   a pouring out  
🗑
emet/o   to vomit  
🗑
emulsific/o   particles suspended in a solution/liquid  
🗑
encephal/o   brain  
🗑
enucle/o   to remove the kernal or nucleus  
🗑
enur/o   to urinate in  
🗑
ependym/o   lining membrane  
🗑
epilept/o   seizure  
🗑
epiphys/o   growth area on the end of a bone  
🗑
episi/o   vulva (female external genitalia  
🗑
erg/o   activity; work  
🗑
erythemat/o   redness  
🗑
es/o   inward  
🗑
esthes/o, esthet/o   sensation, feeling  
🗑
estr/a, estr/o   female  
🗑
ethm/o   sieve  
🗑
eti/o   cause of disease  
🗑
etym/o   word origin  
🗑
excori/o   to take out skin  
🗑
extens/o   straightening  
🗑
extrins/o   on the outside  
🗑
faci/o   face  
🗑
fasci/o   fascia  
🗑
fec/a, fec/o   feces, stool  
🗑
femor/o   femur  
🗑
ferrit/o, ferr/o   iron  
🗑
fibrill/o   muscle fiber; nerve fiber  
🗑
fibrin/o   fibrin  
🗑
fibul/o   fibula  
🗑
fiss/o   splitting  
🗑
flex/o   bending  
🗑
foc/o   point of activity  
🗑
foli/o   leaf  
🗑
famin/o   opening into a cavity or channel (foramen)  
🗑
forens/o   court proceedings in criminal law  
🗑
fove/o   small, depressed area  
🗑
fratern/o   close association or relationship  
🗑
fruct/o   fruit  
🗑
fulgur/o   spark of electricity  
🗑
fund/o, fundu/o   farthest part from the opening (fundus)  
🗑
galact/o   milk  
🗑
gemin/o   twins; set or group  
🗑
gene/o   gene  
🗑
gener/o   production; creation  
🗑
genit/o   genitalia  
🗑
gen/o   arising from; produced by  
🗑
germin/o   embryonic tissue  
🗑
ger/o   old age  
🗑
gest/o, gestat/o   from conception to birth  
🗑
glen/o   socket of a joint  
🗑
gloss/o   tongue  
🗑
glycer/o   sugar alcohol (glycerol)  
🗑
goni/o   angle  
🗑
gon/o   seed  
🗑
gustat/o   the sense of taste  
🗑
halit/o   breath  
🗑
hal/o   breathe  
🗑
hebe/o   youth  
🗑
hec/o   habitual conditon of the body  
🗑
helic/o   a coil  
🗑
heter/o   other  
🗑
hex/o   habitual condition of the body  
🗑
hidr/o   sweat  
🗑
hirsut/o   hairy  
🗑
home/o   same  
🗑
hom/i   man  
🗑
hyal/o   clear glasslike substance  
🗑
hydatidi/o   fluid-filled vesicles  
🗑
hydr/o   water, fluid  
🗑
hy/o   U-shaped structure  
🗑
hypophys/o   pituitary gland  
🗑
hyster/o   uterus, womb  
🗑
iatr/o   physician; medical treatment  
🗑
icter/o   jaundice  
🗑
ict/o   seizure  
🗑
idi/o   unknown, individual  
🗑
incud/o   incus (anvil-shaped bone)  
🗑
infarct/o   area of dead tissue  
🗑
insulin/o   insulin  
🗑
insul/o   island  
🗑
integument/o   skin  
🗑
integu/o   to cover  
🗑
interstiti/o   spaces within tissue  
🗑
intrins/o   on the inside  
🗑
intussuscep/o   to receive within  
🗑
involut/o   enlarged organ returns to normal size  
🗑
irid/o, ir/o   iris (colored portion of the eye)  
🗑
isch/o   keep back, block process  
🗑
jugul/o   jugular (throat)  
🗑
kal/i   potassium  
🗑
kary/o   nucleus  
🗑
kel/o   tumor  
🗑
kerat/o   cornea, hard fibrous protein  
🗑
ket/o, keton/o   ketones  
🗑
kines/o, kin/o   movement  
🗑
kyph/o   bent, humpbacked  
🗑
labi/o   lip, labium  
🗑
lact/i, lact/o   milk  
🗑
lamin/o   lamina (flat area on the vertebra  
🗑
lapar/o   abdomen  
🗑
lei/o   smooth  
🗑
lenticul/o, lent/o   lens of the eye  
🗑
lex/o   word  
🗑
ligat/o   to tie up or bind  
🗑
limb/o   edge, border  
🗑
lingu/o   tongue  
🗑
lipid/o, lip/o   fat  
🗑
lith/o   stone  
🗑
lob/o   lobe of an organ  
🗑
loc/o   in one place  
🗑
log/o   word, the study of  
🗑
lord/o   swayback  
🗑
luc/o   clear and shining  
🗑
lumin/o   lumen (opening)  
🗑
lun/o   moon  
🗑
ly/o, lys/o   break down, separate, dissolve  
🗑
macul/o   small area or spot  
🗑
malac/o   softening  
🗑
mandibul/o   mandible (lower jaw)  
🗑
man/o   thin  
🗑
manu/o   hand  
🗑
masset/o, mastic/o   chewing  
🗑
mastoid/o   mastoid process  
🗑
melan/o, melen/o   black  
🗑
men/o   month  
🗑
ment/o   mind, chin  
🗑
mesi/o, mes/o   middle  
🗑
metr/o   measurement  
🗑
mictur/o   making urine  
🗑
mit/o   threadlike structure  
🗑
mi/o   lessening  
🗑
mitt/o   to send  
🗑
morb/o, morbid/o   disease  
🗑
mort/o   death  
🗑
mot/o   movement  
🗑
mucos/o   mucous membrane  
🗑
myc/o   fungus  
🗑
mydr/o   widening  
🗑
myel/o   bone marrow, spinal cord  
🗑
myring/o   tympanic membrane  
🗑
my/o, myos/o   muscle  
🗑
myx/o   mucus-like substance  
🗑
narc/o   stupor, sleep  
🗑
necr/o   death  
🗑
ne/o   new  
🗑
nid/o   nest, focus  
🗑
noct/o   night  
🗑
nod/o   node (knob of tissue)  
🗑
nodul/o   small knobby mass  
🗑
optic/o   lenses, properties of light  
🗑
opt/o   eye, vision  
🗑
orbicul/o   small circle  
🗑
orchi/o, orch/o   testis  
🗑
orex/o   appetite  
🗑
or/o   mouth  
🗑
orth/o   straight  
🗑
osm/o   the sense of smell  
🗑
osse/o   bone  
🗑
ossicul/o   ossicle (little bone)  
🗑
ossificat/o   changing into bone  
🗑
ot/o   ear  
🗑
oure/o   urine  
🗑
ov/i, ov/u, ovul/o   ovum (egg)  
🗑
ox/i, ox/o, ox/y   oxygen  
🗑
palliat/o   reduce the severity of  
🗑
palpit/o   to throb  
🗑
papill/o   elevated structure  
🗑
pareun/o   sexual intercourse  
🗑
pariet/o   wall of a cavity  
🗑
par/o   birth  
🗑
paroxysm/o   sudden, sharp attack  
🗑
part/o   childbirth  
🗑
parurit/o   to be in labor  
🗑
pathet/o   suffering  
🗑
paus/o   cessation  
🗑
pect/o   stiff  
🗑
pector/o   chest  
🗑
pedicul/o   lice  
🗑
ped/o   child  
🗑
pen/o   penis  
🗑
peps/o, pept/o   digestion  
🗑
percuss/o   tapping  
🗑
perone/o   fibula (lower leg bone)  
🗑
phac/o, phak/o   lens of the eye  
🗑
phag/o   eating, swallowing  
🗑
phas/o   speech  
🗑
phe/o   gray  
🗑
phil/o   attraction to, fondness for  
🗑
phleb/o   vein  
🗑
phor/o   to bear, to carry  
🗑
phren/o   diaphragm, mind  
🗑
phylact/o   guarding or protecting  
🗑
phys/o, physi/o   inflate or distend; grow  
🗑
pil/o   hair  
🗑
plak/o   plaque  
🗑
plas/o, plast/o   growth, formation  
🗑
pleg/o   paralysis  
🗑
pne/o   breathing  
🗑
pod/o   foot  
🗑
poikil/o   irregular  
🗑
polar/o   two opposite poles  
🗑
poplite/o   back of the knee  
🗑
presby/o   old age  
🗑
prim/i   first  
🗑
proct/o   rectum and anus  
🗑
pronat/o   lying face down  
🗑
prote/o   protein  
🗑
prurit/o, psor/o   itching  
🗑
pupill/o   pupil of the eye  
🗑
purul/o   pus  
🗑
pyel/o   renal pelvis  
🗑
pylor/o   pylorus  
🗑
py/o   pus  
🗑
pyret/o   fever  
🗑
pyr/o   fire, burning  
🗑
radic/o   all parts including the root  
🗑
radicul/o   spinal nerve root  
🗑
rap/o   to seize and drag away  
🗑
refract/o   bend or deflect  
🗑
reticul/o   small network  
🗑
rhabd/o   rod shaped  
🗑
rheumat/o   watery discharge  
🗑
rhin/o   nose  
🗑
rhiz/o   spinal nerve root  
🗑
rhytid/o   wrinkle  
🗑
rib/o   ribonucleic acid  
🗑
roentgen/o   x-ray; radiation  
🗑
rrhe/o   flow, discharge  
🗑
rub/o   red  
🗑
rug/o   ruga (fold)  
🗑
sacchar/o   sugar  
🗑
sagitt/o   going from font to back  
🗑
salping/o   fallopian tube  
🗑
saphen/o   standing  
🗑
sarc/o   connective tissue  
🗑
scal/o   series of graduated steps  
🗑
scaph/o   boat shaped  
🗑
schiz/o   split  
🗑
scint/i, scintill/o   point of light  
🗑
scler/o   hard; sclera (white of the eye)  
🗑
scoli/o   curved, crooked  
🗑
scot/o   darkness  
🗑
script/o   write  
🗑
scrot/o   a bag; scrotum  
🗑
semin/i, semin/o   sperm  
🗑
sen/o   old age  
🗑
septic/o   infection  
🗑
sept/o   septum  
🗑
ser/o   serum of the blood; serumlike fluid  
🗑
sial/o   saliva; salivary gland  
🗑
sin/o   hollow cavity; channel  
🗑
sinus/o   sinus  
🗑
somat/o   body  
🗑
som/o   a body  
🗑
sorb/o   to suck up  
🗑
sphen/o   wedge shape  
🗑
sphenoid/o   sphenoid bone or sinus  
🗑
sphygm/o   pulse  
🗑
spir/o   breathe, a coil  
🗑
spondyl/o   vertebra  
🗑
squam/o   scalelike cell  
🗑
stal/o   contraction  
🗑
staped/o   stapes (stirrup-shaped bone)  
🗑
sten/o   narrowness, constriction  
🗑
steth/o   chest  
🗑
sthen/o   strength  
🗑
stigmat/o   point, mark  
🗑
stom/o   surgically created opening or mouth  
🗑
stomat/o   mouth  
🗑
strept/o   curved  
🗑
styl/o   stake  
🗑
sucr/o   sugar  
🗑
sudor/i   sweat  
🗑
supinat/o   lying on the back  
🗑
suppur/o   pus formation  
🗑
syncop/o   fainting  
🗑
synov/o, synovi/o   synovium (membrane)  
🗑
systol/o   contracting  
🗑
tact/o   touch  
🗑
tars/o   ankle  
🗑
tax/o   coordination  
🗑
tele/o   distance  
🗑
terat/o   bizarre form  
🗑
tetr/a   four  
🗑
thanat/o   death  
🗑
thec/o   sheath or layers of membranes  
🗑
theli/o   cellular layer  
🗑
thromb/o   bloot clot  
🗑
thyr/o   shield  
🗑
till/o   to pull out  
🗑
toc/o   labor and childbirth  
🗑
tom/o   a cut, slice or layer  
🗑
ton/o   pressure; tone  
🗑
torti/i   twisted position  
🗑
tox/o, toxic/o   poison, toxin  
🗑
trabecul/o   mesh  
🗑
trac/o   visible path  
🗑
tremul/o   shaking  
🗑
trich/o   hair  
🗑
trigemin/o   threefold  
🗑
trochle/o   structure shaped like a pulley  
🗑
troph/o   development  
🗑
trop/o   having an affinity for; stimulating  
🗑
tuber/o   nodule  
🗑
tuberos/o   knoblike projection  
🗑
turbin/o   scroll-like structure; turbinate  
🗑
tuss/o   cough  
🗑
tympan/o   eardrum  
🗑
ungu/o   nail  
🗑
uve/o   uvea of the eye  
🗑
vag/o   vagus nerve  
🗑
valv/o, valvul/o   valve  
🗑
varic/o   varix; varicose vein  
🗑
vas/o, vascul/o   blood vessel  
🗑
ven/i, ven/o   vein  
🗑
ventr/o   front; abdomen  
🗑
verd/o   green  
🗑
vers/o, vert/o   to travel; to turn  
🗑
vesic/o, vesicul/o   bladder; fluid-filled sac  
🗑
vestibul/o   vestibule (entrance)  
🗑
vest/o   to dress  
🗑
viril/o   masculine  
🗑
viscer/o   viscera (internal organs)  
🗑
viscos/o   thickness  
🗑
vis/o   sight, vision  
🗑
vitre/o   vitreous humor; transparent substance  
🗑
vuls/o   to tear away  
🗑
vulv/o   vulva  
🗑
xanth/o   yellow  
🗑
xen/o   foreign  
🗑
xer/o   dry  
🗑
xiph/o   sword  
🗑
zygomat/o   zygoma (cheek bone)  
🗑


   

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