Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renin is produced by the___in response to a decrease in blood pressure and volume ad a decrease in serum sodium. | juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney
🗑
|
||||
| Angiotensinogen is produced by the____and activated by____ | liver & renin
🗑
|
||||
| The angiotensin converting enzyme is found mainly in the____. | lungs
🗑
|
||||
| Aldosterone will increase reabsorption of ____,_____ &_____ | Na+_, __water__, and __HCO3___.
🗑
|
||||
| Preload is determined by | venous return to the heart
🗑
|
||||
| What is the Frank-Starlings law of the heart?. | More in more out. The greater the preload the greater the stretch of the myocardium and the greater the force of contraction.
🗑
|
||||
| End diastolic volume is about | 120_ MLS
🗑
|
||||
| End systolic volume is decreased by | anything that increases the inotropic effects of the heart
🗑
|
||||
| What is meant by the term isovolumetric contraction of the heart? | During isovolumetric contraction of the heart the semilunar and AV valves are closed and the ventricle is contraction. There is no volume change during this part of systole.
🗑
|
||||
| The first heart sound is due to the | AV___ valve _closing
🗑
|
||||
| The P wave in an ECG represents | atrial depolarization
🗑
|
||||
| The qrs complex represents | ventricle__ ___depolarization
🗑
|
||||
| Afterload is the | resistance offered by the tissues to forward flow of blood. It is Total peripheral resistance
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac output is equal to the ____multiplied by the ____ | stroke volume & heart rate
🗑
|
||||
| How do ADH and aldosterone regulate blood pressure and blood volume? | ADH is responsible for reabsortion of free water. Aldosterone causes reabsorption of Na+ and water. Water increases blood volume and pressure. Na+ also increases blood pressure
🗑
|
||||
| The ____ carries blood out of the left ventricle | __aorta____
🗑
|
||||
| The cardiac pause is when the atria and ventricles are | both relaxed
🗑
|
||||
| Systole refers to ____ | ventricle contraction
🗑
|
||||
| What is the definition of a vein? | Carries blood back to the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| Semilunar valves close when the pressure in the | Aorta or pulmonary trunk is greater than the pressure in the ventricles
🗑
|
||||
| The major pacemaker of the heart is the ___________. | SA node
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two functions of the AV node? | to delay the impulse from entering the venticle until the atrium has finished contracting. It can ignore impulses
🗑
|
||||
| How is net hydrostatic pressure determined? | NHP = Blood pressure - Interstial hydrostatic pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| The first heart sound is due to | closing of AV valves
🗑
|
||||
| Describe how the AV valves work | The chordae tendinea are attached to the cusps of an AV valve and to papillary muscles. When the ventricle contracts and pressure increases the AV valve cusps are pushed back toward the atrium. The papillary muscles contract and prevent the cusps from b
🗑
|
||||
| What is atrial naturetic factor? What does it do? | ANF is a hormone produced by the right atrium in response to increased preload. It causes a loss of Na+ and water from the kidneys
🗑
|
||||
| ADH is produced by the | hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| Chemo receptors respond to a ____in pH, ____ in PCO2 and a __ _ in PO2. | decrease, an increase,decrease
🗑
|
||||
| Reabsorption of free water is due to the hormone | ADH
🗑
|
||||
| What is responsible for the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood | Plasma protein such as albumin
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the baroreceptor reflex | Include the cranial nerves that are involved. Baroreceptors in the carotid body and Aortic body sense a change in blood pressure on the glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerve respectively. If blood pressure falls impulse travel on these nerve
🗑
|
||||
| Increasing parasympathetic input into the heart will ____ heart rate | Increasing parasympathetic input into the heart will _decrease___ heart rate
🗑
|
||||
| Systemic Venous blood returns to the heart by the _____They empty into the ____ | superior_ and _inferior vena cava & right atrium of the heart.
🗑
|
||||
| Blood from the myocardium returns to the heart by way of the | coronary sinus
🗑
|
||||
| The tricuspid valve is on the | right________ side
🗑
|
||||
| Semilunar valves are found on the _______ and _______. | Semilunar valves are found on the base of the aorta_______ and Semilunar valves are found on the base of the aorta_______ and __pulmonary trunk_____. __pulmonary trunk_____.
🗑
|
||||
| The chordae tendineae attaches to the | ___________ muscles.
🗑
|
||||
| The plateau in the action potential of myocardium cells is due to an _____ in permeability of the membrane to the Ca++____ ion. | increase
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac muscle cells have | long ) absolute refractory period
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the action potential in a pacemaker cell. | At the beginning of the pacemaker potential or prepotential some Na+ gates are open, Potassium gates are closed and Ca++ gates start to open. Once the membrane potential reaches threshold more Ca++ gates open. Repolarization is due to a decrease in perm
🗑
|
||||
| What is the effect of hypokalemia( decreased serum potassium) on heart function? | Hypokalemia increases the diffusion gradient for K+. This means that there is more K+ flow which moves the membrane potential towards the equilibrium potential for K+. This results in hyperpolarization and cardiac arrest may occur
🗑
|
||||
| Which type of vessel has valves? | Veins
🗑
|
||||
| Which type of vessel has the thickest tunica media | Artery
🗑
|
||||
| Kinins and complement proteins are produced by the | B lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| What type of lymphocyte produces antibodies? | Liver
🗑
|
||||
| Chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus respond to changes in | pH and PCO2
🗑
|
||||
| The cardiac accelerator system is part of the | sympathetic nervous system
🗑
|
||||
| If something has positive inotropic effects it means that it | increases the force of contraction
🗑
|
||||
| What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation | redness, heat, swelling and pain
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammation is an example of | innate immunity
🗑
|
||||
| The first phase of inflammation is due to the vasoactive amine called | histamine
🗑
|
||||
| The Membrane attack complex is made up of | complement proteins
🗑
|
||||
| What is the function of interferon? | antiviral proteins produced by infected cell to stimulate non infected cell to produce interferon and other antiviral agents
🗑
|
||||
| Inflammation ( | does not have memory
🗑
|
||||
| What is a hapten? | Hapten is foreign material which is not capable of eliciting an immune response by itself. It need to bind to a self protein to be large enough to be antigenic
🗑
|
||||
| Which antibody class can cross the placenta? | Ig G
🗑
|
||||
| Which antibody is called the secretory antibody? | IG A
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to net filtration pressure is the blood colloid osmotic pressure decreases? | If BCOP decreases net filtration pressure goes up since there is less of a force keeping fluid in the vessels.
🗑
|
||||
| What is edema? What can cause edema | Edema is excess fluid in the tissues. A decrease in BCOP can cause edema. Increased Blood pressure can cause edema, a decrease in plasma proteins can cause edema.
🗑
|
||||
| Which antibody class mediates allergies? | Ig E
🗑
|
||||
| Which antibody class is found in highest concentration in the plasma? | Ig G
🗑
|
||||
| T helper cells are also called ____positive cells | CD4+
🗑
|
||||
| Class 1 MHC proteins are HLA | HLA A, HLA B and HLA C
🗑
|
||||
| Class 1 MHC proteins are found on ____cells | all nucleated cells
🗑
|
||||
| Class 2 MHC proteins present to CD | CD4
🗑
|
||||
| Humoral or classic immunity is carried out __cells | B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Discuss antigen processing by a macrophage. | Antigen is taken in by macrophage and fuses with a lysosome. It then bind to either a class 1 or class2 MHC protein and is presented to immune cells
🗑
|
||||
| Basophils give rise to _________ cells. | mast
🗑
|
||||
| Which antibody is a pentamer? | Ig M
🗑
|
||||
| Which chain of an antibody is class specific? | heavy
🗑
|
||||
| Blood from the coronary veins return to the right atrium by way of the ________ ________. | coronary sinus
🗑
|
||||
| Which vessels have valves? | valves
🗑
|
||||
| Which tunic is thickest in arteries? | tunica media
🗑
|
||||
| Endothelium is made up of _____ ______ epithelium | simple squamous
🗑
|
||||
| This lymph organ is used to remove worn out red blood cells. | Spleen
🗑
|
||||
| Seasonal allergies are a Type ____hypersensitivty | one
🗑
|
||||
| What is a hapten | Hapten is foreign material which is not capable of eliciting an immune response by itself. It need to bind to a self protein to be large enough to be antigenic
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Kayla.Vaughan
Popular Anatomy sets