Chapter 7 Persia
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Parthians | Iranian ruling dynasty, had few written sources and little written history
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| Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. Revered in the traditions of both Iran and the subject peoples.
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| Cambyses | Son of Cyrus, conquered Egypt bringing entire Middle East under Persia's control
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| Darius | Persian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage.
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| Xerxes | Son of Darius, continued father's attacks and was defeated by Greeks
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| Persepolis | A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homelan (119)
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| Achaemenids | Dynasty ruling in Persia from Cyrus I to Darius III (553-330 BC).
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| Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus.
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| Zarathustra | Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (628-551 BC)
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| Roads | Road created by Darius that stretched across the Middle East and made trade possible
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| Lydians | They were the first to use coins for money; were defeated by the Persians and became a part of their empire
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| Satrapies | the 20 states into which Darius divided the Persian Empire
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| Zhou | the imperial dynasty of China from 1122 to 221 BC
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| Qin | Chinese dynasty that was founded by Qin Shihuangdi and was marked by the first unification of China and the early construction of defensive walls.
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| Han | Imperial dynasty that ruled China from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy, dynasty that overthrew the Qin, established centrralized government, civil service system
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| Legalism | In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime.
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| Daoism | A philosophy in the Zhou dynasty; called for a inner peace policy and the founder was Laozi
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| Confucianism | A philosophy that revolves around the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.
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| Laozi | The "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Daoism
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| Shihuangdi | First Grand Emperor, a Chinese emperor who founded the Qin dynasty and unified China with a standardized system of writing and money.
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| Liu Bang | Helped overthrow Qin dynasty, 1st emperor of the Han dynasty, was born a peasant and worked way up to emperor.
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| Han Wudi | The most important Han Emperor. Expanded the Empire in all directions. Created the Civil Service System. Established Public Schools.
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| Wang Mang | Confucian Scholar, overthrew Han, minted new money, public granaries to feed poor, took land from rich to give to poor who lost it earlier, anger among wealthy, inflation, great flood, granaries fall, people revolt and wealthy join
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| Junzi | Confucian idea of a "perfect gentleman," works honestly not for personal gain.
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| Mauryan Empire | The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived until 184 B.C.E. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes.
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| The Gupta Dynasty | Indian dynasty that briefly reunited India after the collapse of the earliest Mauryan dynasty.
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