Directional Terminology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Runs longitudinally dividing the body into left and right parts | Sagittal plane
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| runs longitudinally dividing the body into front and back parts | Frontal or Coronal plane
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| runs horizontally dividing the body into top and bottom or upper and lower parts | Transverse plane
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| Superior/Inferior | above/below
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| Anterior/Posterior | front/back
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| Medial/lateral | towards the midline/away from the midline
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| Cranial/Caudal | towards the head/towards the /feet or tail
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| Dorsal/Ventral | back side/belly side
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| Proximal/Distal | towards the trunk/away from the trunk (usually refers to directions along the limbs)
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| Superficial/Deep | towards the surface (external)/away from the surface (internal)
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| Flexion | decreases the angle of a joint and brings ventral surfaces together
Ex: making fist
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| Extension | increases the angle of a joint moving ventral surfaces apart
Ex: open hand, extending fingers
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| Adduction | movement towards the midline
Ex: fingers all together
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| Abduction | movement away from the midline
Ex: spread fingers apart
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| Inversion | turning inward
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| eversion | turning outward
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| Dorsiflexion | movement of the ankle joint so that you are standing on your heels
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| Plantarflexion | movement of the ankle joint so that you are pointing your toes
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| Rotation | movement of a bone around its vertical axis
Ex: turning the arm inward or outward
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| Circumduction | movement of the bone so that the proximal end is stable but the distal end outlines a circle - involves flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.
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Created by:
jeanlyon
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