skeletal tissue and fibers
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| what are three types of muscle tissue? | skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
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| skeletal muscle | voluntary with stripes, ex. bone
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| smooth muscle | involuntary without stripes, ex. walls of hallow organs
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| cardiac muscle | involuntary with stripes, ex. heart
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| what are the function of muscle tissue? | movement, maintenance of posture, joint stabilization, and heat generation
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| what are the three functional features? | contractility, excitability, extensibility, and elasticity
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| contractility | muscles cells shorten and generate pulling force
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| excitability | electrical nerve impulse stimulate the muscle cell to contract
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| elasticity | can recoil passively after being stretched, resume resting length
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| sarcolemma | plasma membrane
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| cytoplasm | sarcroplasm
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| what are the three connective tissue binds with skeletal muscles and its fiber together? | epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium
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| epimysium | dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle
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| perimysium | surrounds each fascicle (groups of muscle fibers)
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| endomysium | a fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle fiber
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| each skeletal muscle supplied by branches of... | one nerve, one artery, and one or more veins
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| origin | less movable attachment
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| insertion | more movable attachment
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| fleshy attachments | connective tissue fibers are short
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| indirect attachments | connective tissue forms a tendon or aponeurosis (flat tendon)
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| sarcromeres | a long row of repeating segments, ex. Z disc (Z line), thin (actin) filaments, and thick (myosin) fliaments
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| Z disc (Z line) | boundaries of each sarcromere, where the cell membrane connect each other
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| thin (actin) filament | extend from Z disc toward the center of the sarcromere
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| thick (myosin) filament | located in the center of the sarcromere
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| A bands | full length of the thick filament, includes inner end of thin filament
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| H zone | center part of A band where no thin filament occur
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| M line | in center of H zone, contain tiny rod that hold thick filaments together
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| I band | region with only thin filament, lies within two adjacent sarcromeres
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| what are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers? | slow oxidative fibers (Type I), fast glycolytic fiber (Type IIx), and fast oxidative fibers (Type IIa)
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| slow oxidative fibers (Type I) | red color due to abundant mygobbin
obtain energy from aerobic metabolic reactions
contain a large number of mitochondria
richly supplied with cappilaries
contract slowly and resistant to fatigue
fibers are smaller in diameter
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| fast glycolytic fiber (Type IIx) | contain little myoglobin and few mitochondria
about twice the diameter of slow-oxidative fiber
contain more myofilaments and generate more power
depend on anaerobic pathways
contract rapidly and tire quickly
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| fast oxidative fibers (Type IIa) | have a an intermediate diameter
contract quickly like fast glycolytic fibers
are oxygen-dependent
have high myogglobin content and rich supply of capillaries
somewhat fatigue-resistant
more powerful than slow-oxidative fibers
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adriana9
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