Brain Functions, Structures, Anatomy, Vestibular
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| Collection of Neurons | Nucleus
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| Collection of Nuclei | Region
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| Layers of the Meninges (from outermost to innermost) | Dura Mater (2 layers),
Arachnoid,
Pia Mater
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| Functions of the Ventricles | Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Production,
Bouyancy/Protection,
Removal of Waste
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| Main Structures of the Forebrain | Olfactory Bulb,
Cerebrum,
Thalamus,
Hypothalamus
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| Lobes of the Cortex | Frontal,
Parietal,
Temporal,
Occipital,
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| Frontal Lobe Function | Movement,
Judgment,
Impulse Control
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| Parietal Lobe Function | Sensory Processing,
Movement
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| Temporal Lobe Function | Hearing,
Language,
Emotion
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| Occipital Lobe | Vision
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| Location of Striatum | Under the Cortex
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| Structures of the Striatum | Caudate and Nucleus Accumbens
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| Caudate Function/Disorder | Function: Sensory/Motor Function,
Disorder: Schizophrenia, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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| Nucleus Accumbens Function/Disorder | Function: Reward/Motivation,
Disorder: Addictions
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| Hippocampus Function | Learning Location in Space (Spatial Learning),
Stress Regulation
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| Thalamus Function | Relay information to cortex
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| Hypothalamus Function | Sex,
Eating,
Stress
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| Main Structures of Midbrain | Substantia Nigra,
Inferior/Superior Colliculus,
Ventral Tegmentum,
Central Gray
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| Substantia Nigra Function/Disorder | Function: Movement,
Disorder: Parkinsons causes death of region
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| Inferior Colliculus (IS) | Hearing
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| Superior Colliculus (SC) | Vision
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| Central Gray | Pain
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| Ventral Tegmentum | Reward/Motivation
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| Main structures of Hindbrain | Cerebellum,
Pons/Medulla
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| Cerebellum Function | Fine Movements,
Posture,
Balance
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| Pons and Medulla Function | Sleep/Wakefulness,
Breathing,
Blood Pressure,
Digestion,
Autonomic Functions
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| Structures involved in Reward/Motivation | Ventral Tegmentum and Nucleus Accumbens
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| Steps in Synaptic Transmission | 1) Synthesis of Neurotransmitters,
2) Storage (in vesicles),
3) Release into synapse (activated by action potential),
4) Receptor Activation,
5) Inactivation
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| Dominant form of neurotransmitter inactivation | Reuptake
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| Dopamine Synthesis Pathway | L-DOPA --> Dopamine
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| Dopamine disorders | Deficiency: Parkinsons,
Excess: Schizophrenia
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| Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor | Amphetamine
(Used to treat ADD)
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| Dopamine Receptors and Function | D1) Stimulate post-synaptic neurons,
D2) Inhibit post-synaptic neurons
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| Commonly prescribed antibiotic that caused destruction of vestibular system in case study | Gentamicin
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| Rotation around each axis of balance (All 3) | X-Axis (Pointing straight out from nose): Roll,
Y-Axis (Ear to ear) - Pitch,
Z-Axis (Top to bottom of head) - Yaw
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| Contribution of Camillo Golgi | Developed Silver Stain (Stains 1 in 1000 Neurons)
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| Contribution of Santiago Ramon y Caja | Utilized Golgi's Silver Stain to map nervous system
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| Contribution of Paul Broca | Discovered region responsible for SPEECH PRODUCTION
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| Contribution of Carl Wernicke | Discovered region responsible for SPEECH RECOGNITION
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| Broca's Aphasia | Understanding is unphased
Limited vocabulary
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| Wernicke's Aphasia | Cannot understand spoken words
Speech output is unphased
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| Brain division that contains: Olfactory Bulb | Forebrain
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| Brain division that contains: Cerebrum | Forebrain
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| Brain division that contains: Thalamus | Forebrain
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| Brain division that contains: Hypothalamus | Forebrain
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| Brain division that contains: Caudate | Striatum
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| Brain division that contains: Nucleus Accumbens | Striatum
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| Brain division that contains: Substantia Nigra | Midbrain
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| Brain division that contains: Inferior/Superior Colliculus | Midbrain
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| Brain division that contains: Ventral Tegmentum | Midbrain
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| Brain division that contains: Central Gray | Midbrain
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| Brain division that contains: Cerebellum | Hindbrain
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| Brain division that contains: Pons/Medulla | Hindbrain
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