ch 1-2 exam
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| Define anatomy | study of structure of the body
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| Define Physiology | study of funcion of the body
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| Name the 9 levels of organization to form the human body. | atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
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| List the 11 body systems. | Inegumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive
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| Name the function of integumentary system | covers and protects the body
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| Name the function of skeletal and muscular systems | provide support and movement
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| Name the function of nervous and endocrine systems | provide communication, control, and integration
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| Name the function of cardiovascular and lymphatic systems | provide transportation and defense
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| Name the function of respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems | involved with processing, regulation, and maintenance
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| Name the function of male/female reproductive system | involved with reproduction and development
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| Name the 3 major planes (cuts for study) | sagital, coronal/frontal, transverse/horizontal
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| Superior | toward the head
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| Inferior | toward the feet
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| medial | toward the midline of the body
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| lateral | toward the side of the body
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| proximal | toward the trunk of the body
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| distal | away from the trunk of the body
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| superficial | near the body surface
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| deep | further away from the body surface
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| Anterior/Ventral | front of body
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| Posterior/dorsal | back of body
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| Cephalic | head
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| frontal | forehead
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| orbital | eye
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| nasal | nose
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| buccal | cheek
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| oral | mouth
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| mental | chin
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| cervical | neck
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| deltoid | shoulder
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| pectoral | chest
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| mammary | breast
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| abdominal | abdomen
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| femoral | thigh
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| tarsal | ankle
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| pes | foot
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| cranial | skull
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| otic | ear
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| gluteal | buttock
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| manus | hand
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| calcaneal | heel
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| Name the organ structures in the Cranial cavity | brain
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| Name the organ structures in the vertebral cavity | spinal cord
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| Name the organ structures in the Thoratic cavity | heart and lungs
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| Name the organ structures in the mediastinum | median compartment of the thoratic cavity
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| Name the organ structures in the pleural cavity | fluid filled space around the lungs
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| Name the organ structures in the Pericardial cavity | fluid filled space around the heart
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| Name the organ structures in the Abdominal cavity | digestive organs, kidneys, ureters
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| Name the organ structures in the pelvic cavity | urinary bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
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| Name the 4 abdominopelvic quardrants of the body | Right Upper, Left Upper, Right Lower, Left Lower
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| Name the function of centrosome | forms spores for the movement of chromosomes
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| Name the function of cilia | membrane extensions with microtubes for movement
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| Name the function of microfilament | connect cytoskeleton to cell membrane
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| Name the function of microtubules | hollow tubes of protein
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| Name the function of microvilli | plasma membrane extensions that assist in absorption of nutrients and other substances
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| Name the function of ribosomes | funtions in protein synthesis
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| Name the function of endoplasmic reticulum | smooth (lipid and carbohydrate synthesis) and rough (packaging of newly made proteins)
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| Name the function of golgi apparatus/body/complex | finishes, stores, and distributes products of the cell (e.g. proteins)
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| Name the function of lysosome | contain digestive enzymes to remove pathogens and broken organells
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| Name the function of mitochondrion | powerhouse of a cell. Produces ATP for the cell for aerobic cellular respiration
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| Name the function of nucleus | contains DNA, the genetic material for making proteins
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| Name the function of peroxisome | contains enzymes to break down subsances and detoxifies toxic substances
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| Name the 4 major types of tissues | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? Simple squamous | lines the air sacs, blood vessels, andlymphatic vessels
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? Simple cuboidal epithelium | lines the kidney tubules and ducts of some glands and covers ovaries
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? Simple columnar | lines the uterus, stomach, and intestines
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? Pseudostratified columnar | line the respiratory passageways
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? stratified squamous epithelium | line oral cavity, throat, vagina, and anal cavity
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? starified transitional epithelium | lines ureters, urinary bladder, and renal penis
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? Areolar connective tissue | between skin and skeletal muscles; surrounding blood vessels; within skin; around organs; around joints
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? adipose connective tissue | under all skin but especially in abdomen, buttocks, and breasts; around some organs such as eyeballs and kidneys
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? reticular connective tissue | spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver, and kidney
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? Dense regular connective tissue | tendons and ligaments
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? Dense irregular connective tissue | dermis of the skin and around muscles
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? Hyaline cartilage | covers the ends of long bones
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? elastic cartilage | external ear
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? fibrocartilage | discs in vertebrae
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| Name the 3 major muscle tissues | skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle
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| Where is the following muscle tissue located or found? skeletal muscle | all major muscles of the body
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| Where is the following muscle tissue located or found? cardiac muscle | only in the heart
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| Where is the following muscle tissue located or found? smooth muscle | walls of hoolow organs
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| Where is the following tissue located or found? Nervous tissue | brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
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| Name 3 collagen disorders | chondrodysplasia, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, hereditary osteoarthritis
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| What effects does chondrodysplasia cause in the body? | stunted growth and deformed joints
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| What effects does dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa cause in the body? | stretchy skin and lax joints
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| What effects does hereditary osteoarthritis cause in the body? | painful joints
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