A&P 2 - Exam 1 - Part 2 - Anatomy, Blood Vessels
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| What is a vessel that carries blood away from the heart? | artery
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| What is a small artery? | arteriole
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| What is a vessel that carries blood toward the heart? | vein
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| What is a small vein? | venule
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| What are microscopic vessels that carry blood from aterioles to venules? | capillaries
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| How many layers do arteries and veins have? | 3
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| What is the outermost layer of a vessel, that is made of strong, flexible fibrous connective tissue? | tunica adventitia
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| Which layer of a vessel helps hold vessels open and prevents tearing of vessels during body movement? | tunica adventitia
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| Which is the thickest vessel layer in veins? | tunica adventitia
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| What is the middle layer of a vessel? | tunica media
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| Which layer of a vessel is made of smooth muscle tissue sandwiched together with a layer of elastic connective tissue? | tunica media
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| What 2 layers of tissue is tunica media made up of? | smooth muscle tissue and elastic connective tissue
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| What layer permits changes in blood vessel diameter? | tunica media
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| The tunica media is thicker in ______________. | arteries
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| What is the innermost layer of a vessel? | tunica intima
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| What is the tunica intima made up of? | endothelium
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| What layer in arteries is a completely smooth lining? | tunica intima
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| What layer in veins forms semilunar valves? | tunica intima
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| How many layers do capillaries have? | one
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| The single of capillaries is made up of _______________. | endothelium
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| The capillary wall is thin enough to allow effective exchange of materials between the ________________ and ______________. | plasma, interstitial fluid
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| What are the most important vessels because they allow the delivery and collection of substances? | capillaries
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| What are capillaries also known as? | exchange vessels
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| What carries blood to arterioles? | arteries
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| What carries blood from arteries to capillaries? | arterioles
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| What serve as resistance vessels, controlling blood flow through capillary networks? | arterioles
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| What act as collectors and as reservoir vessels? | veins
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| What are called the capacitance vessels and have the ability to stretch and help maintain normal circulation? | veins
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| Systemic circulation begins in what chamber of the heart? | left ventricle
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| Pulmonary circulation begins in what chamber of the heart? | right ventricle
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| Systemic circulation returns to what chamber of the heart? | right atrium
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| Pulmonary circulation returns to what chamber of the heart? | left atrium
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| What are arteries that eventually diverge into capillaries? | "end arteries"
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| Incidence of arterial anastomoses increases as distance from the heart _______________. | increases
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| Arteries that open into other branches of the same or other arteries is an example of? | arterial anastomoses
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| Veins are the ultimate extensions of _________________. | capillaries
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| Capillaries unite into vessels of increasing size to form ______________. | venules and then veins
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| What are large veins of the cranial cavity called? | dural sinuses
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| Veins _____________ the same as arteries. | anastomose
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| Venous blood from the head, neck, upper extremities and thoracic cavity (except lungs) drains into the _________________. | superior vena cava
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| Venous blood drains into the superior vena cava from what areas? | head, neck, upper extremities and thoracic cavity (except lungs)
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| What does venous blood from thoracic organs drain into? | superior vena cava or azygos vein
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| Veins from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines send their blood to the liver via the _______________. | hepatic portal vein
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| Blood drained from the liver by hepatic veins enters the heart through the ___________________. | inferior vena cava
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| Venous blood from the lower extremities and abdomen drains into the _________________. | inferior vena cava
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| Venous blood drains into the inferior vena cava from what areas? | lower extremities and abdomen
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| In fetal circulation additional vessels are needed to allow fetal blood to secure oxygen and nutrients from ________________ at the placenta. | maternal blood
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| The two umbilical arteries which carry blood to the placenta are extensions of the ________________. | internal iliac arteries
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| The placenta is attached to the ______________. | uterine wall
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| Where does the exchange of oxygen and other substances between the separated maternal and fetal blood occur? | placenta
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| What returns oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus? | umbilical vein
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| The umbilical vein enters the body through the ________________. | umbilicus
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| From the umbilicus, the umbilical vein goes to the undersurface of the ____________. | liver
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| From the liver, the umbilical vein give off 2 or 3 branches and continues as the ______________. | ductus venosus
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| What is the continuation of the umbilical vein which drains into the inferior vena cava? | ductus venosus
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| Where does the ductus venosus drain into? | inferior vena cava
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| In a fetus, what is the opening in the septum between the right and left atria? | foramen ovale
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| In a fetus, what is the small vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending thoracic aorta? | ductus arteriosus
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| When the umbilical cord is cut, what ceases to function? | the 2 umbilical arteries, the placenta and the umbilical vein
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| The umbilical vein within a baby's body becomes the ____________ of the _____________. | round ligament, liver
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| The ductus venosus within a baby's body becomes the ______________ of the _____________. | ligamentum venosum, liver
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| The ductus arteriosus contracts with the establishment of _____________ and becomes the ________________. | respiration, ligamentum arteriosum
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| What is functionally closed shortly after a newborn's first breath and pulmonary circulation is established? | foramen ovale
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| Structural closure of the foramen ovale takes approximately __________. | 9 months
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| At birth the cardiovascular system changes from a _______________ system. | placenta dependent
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| Heart and blood vessel maintain ________________ from childhood through adulthood. | basic structure and function
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| What does exercise thicken in the heart? | myocardium
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| What increases the supply of blood vessels in skeletal muscle tissue? | exercise
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| What is a blockage or weakening of critical arteries? | atherosclerosis
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| In the heart, what can degenerate reducing pumping effeciency? | heart valves and myocardial tissue
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