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A&P 2 - E1 - P2
A&P 2 - Exam 1 - Part 2 - Anatomy, Blood Vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a vessel that carries blood away from the heart? | artery |
| What is a small artery? | arteriole |
| What is a vessel that carries blood toward the heart? | vein |
| What is a small vein? | venule |
| What are microscopic vessels that carry blood from aterioles to venules? | capillaries |
| How many layers do arteries and veins have? | 3 |
| What is the outermost layer of a vessel, that is made of strong, flexible fibrous connective tissue? | tunica adventitia |
| Which layer of a vessel helps hold vessels open and prevents tearing of vessels during body movement? | tunica adventitia |
| Which is the thickest vessel layer in veins? | tunica adventitia |
| What is the middle layer of a vessel? | tunica media |
| Which layer of a vessel is made of smooth muscle tissue sandwiched together with a layer of elastic connective tissue? | tunica media |
| What 2 layers of tissue is tunica media made up of? | smooth muscle tissue and elastic connective tissue |
| What layer permits changes in blood vessel diameter? | tunica media |
| The tunica media is thicker in ______________. | arteries |
| What is the innermost layer of a vessel? | tunica intima |
| What is the tunica intima made up of? | endothelium |
| What layer in arteries is a completely smooth lining? | tunica intima |
| What layer in veins forms semilunar valves? | tunica intima |
| How many layers do capillaries have? | one |
| The single of capillaries is made up of _______________. | endothelium |
| The capillary wall is thin enough to allow effective exchange of materials between the ________________ and ______________. | plasma, interstitial fluid |
| What are the most important vessels because they allow the delivery and collection of substances? | capillaries |
| What are capillaries also known as? | exchange vessels |
| What carries blood to arterioles? | arteries |
| What carries blood from arteries to capillaries? | arterioles |
| What serve as resistance vessels, controlling blood flow through capillary networks? | arterioles |
| What act as collectors and as reservoir vessels? | veins |
| What are called the capacitance vessels and have the ability to stretch and help maintain normal circulation? | veins |
| Systemic circulation begins in what chamber of the heart? | left ventricle |
| Pulmonary circulation begins in what chamber of the heart? | right ventricle |
| Systemic circulation returns to what chamber of the heart? | right atrium |
| Pulmonary circulation returns to what chamber of the heart? | left atrium |
| What are arteries that eventually diverge into capillaries? | "end arteries" |
| Incidence of arterial anastomoses increases as distance from the heart _______________. | increases |
| Arteries that open into other branches of the same or other arteries is an example of? | arterial anastomoses |
| Veins are the ultimate extensions of _________________. | capillaries |
| Capillaries unite into vessels of increasing size to form ______________. | venules and then veins |
| What are large veins of the cranial cavity called? | dural sinuses |
| Veins _____________ the same as arteries. | anastomose |
| Venous blood from the head, neck, upper extremities and thoracic cavity (except lungs) drains into the _________________. | superior vena cava |
| Venous blood drains into the superior vena cava from what areas? | head, neck, upper extremities and thoracic cavity (except lungs) |
| What does venous blood from thoracic organs drain into? | superior vena cava or azygos vein |
| Veins from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines send their blood to the liver via the _______________. | hepatic portal vein |
| Blood drained from the liver by hepatic veins enters the heart through the ___________________. | inferior vena cava |
| Venous blood from the lower extremities and abdomen drains into the _________________. | inferior vena cava |
| Venous blood drains into the inferior vena cava from what areas? | lower extremities and abdomen |
| In fetal circulation additional vessels are needed to allow fetal blood to secure oxygen and nutrients from ________________ at the placenta. | maternal blood |
| The two umbilical arteries which carry blood to the placenta are extensions of the ________________. | internal iliac arteries |
| The placenta is attached to the ______________. | uterine wall |
| Where does the exchange of oxygen and other substances between the separated maternal and fetal blood occur? | placenta |
| What returns oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus? | umbilical vein |
| The umbilical vein enters the body through the ________________. | umbilicus |
| From the umbilicus, the umbilical vein goes to the undersurface of the ____________. | liver |
| From the liver, the umbilical vein give off 2 or 3 branches and continues as the ______________. | ductus venosus |
| What is the continuation of the umbilical vein which drains into the inferior vena cava? | ductus venosus |
| Where does the ductus venosus drain into? | inferior vena cava |
| In a fetus, what is the opening in the septum between the right and left atria? | foramen ovale |
| In a fetus, what is the small vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending thoracic aorta? | ductus arteriosus |
| When the umbilical cord is cut, what ceases to function? | the 2 umbilical arteries, the placenta and the umbilical vein |
| The umbilical vein within a baby's body becomes the ____________ of the _____________. | round ligament, liver |
| The ductus venosus within a baby's body becomes the ______________ of the _____________. | ligamentum venosum, liver |
| The ductus arteriosus contracts with the establishment of _____________ and becomes the ________________. | respiration, ligamentum arteriosum |
| What is functionally closed shortly after a newborn's first breath and pulmonary circulation is established? | foramen ovale |
| Structural closure of the foramen ovale takes approximately __________. | 9 months |
| At birth the cardiovascular system changes from a _______________ system. | placenta dependent |
| Heart and blood vessel maintain ________________ from childhood through adulthood. | basic structure and function |
| What does exercise thicken in the heart? | myocardium |
| What increases the supply of blood vessels in skeletal muscle tissue? | exercise |
| What is a blockage or weakening of critical arteries? | atherosclerosis |
| In the heart, what can degenerate reducing pumping effeciency? | heart valves and myocardial tissue |
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