cells in anatomy
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| Cell Theory | A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms; The activity of an organism depends on the collective activities of its cells
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| Principle of complementarity | biochemical activities of cells are dictated by the relative number of their specific subcellular structures
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| Cell Diversity | More than 200 different cell types; structure drives function; Differ in size and shape, function, various organelles
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| Generalized cell | Nucleus, Cytoplasm, plasma membrane
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| Nucleus | control center and contains genes, contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli
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| Nuclear envelope | double membrane barrier with nuclear pores, and a fluid space between the two membranes allowing some but not all substances to pass, encloses the nucleoplasm
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| Nucleoli | where ribosomes are assembled
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| Chromatin | DNA and protein mix
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| Cytoplasm | the site of most cellular activities containing cytosol, organelles and inclusions
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| Cytosol | semitransparent fluid that suspends other elements
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| Organelles | metabolic machinery, synthesize proteins, package proteins, etc.
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| Mitochondria | carry out reactions using oxygen to break down foods, produce ATP
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| Ribosomes | site of protein synthesis
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| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Cell’s membrane factory
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | Provides a network of channels for carrying substances
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| Smooth ER | lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs and pesticides
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| Golgi apparatus | traffic director for cellular proteins, modifies and packages proteins
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| Lysosomes | digest waste material
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| Peroxisomes | contains enzymes that use molecular oxygen to detoxify harmful or poisonous substances, disarm dangerous free radicals, reactive chemicals that can scramble the structure of proteins
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| Cytoskeleton | protein fibers; cilia; flagella
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| Cilia | immobile, have tails, that move stuff
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| Flagella | mobile and propel stuff through cells
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| Inclusions | stored nutrients
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| Plasma membrane | the cell membrane that controls what enters and exits the cell
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| Tight junctions | impermeable
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| Desmosomes | anchoring junctions
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| Gap junctions | allow communication
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