anatomy and physiology
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show | Atom,Molecules,Organelles,Cells, Tissue, Organ System, Organism: AMOCTOSO
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-Catabolism -Anabolism Metabolism | show 🗑
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show | automatic response in a CELL, TISSUE, or ORGAN
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EXTRINSIC regulation | show 🗑
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(+)POSITIVE feedback | show 🗑
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show | response of the effector NEGATES the stimulus
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show | COHN: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
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show | smallest unit of element
-in atom: (+)proton,(0) neutron,(-) electron
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show | sum of the masses of protons & electron
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show | -iso=same
-atom that has a different # of neutrons
-ex)Carbon12:p6,n6,e6--C 13:p6,n7,e6--C 14:p6,n8,e6
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What do orbitals hold and where do you find it? | show 🗑
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show | more protons(cats r positive,so r protons)
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show | more electrons
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show | Oxidation: LOSS of electron
Reduction: GAIN of electron
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molecule | show 🗑
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show | 2 or more group of atoms bonf together->NaCl(salt)
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show | formed b/c ions of opposite charge attract 1 another->salt: Sodium Na+ & Chlorine Cl-
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Covalent Bonds | show 🗑
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Hydrogen Bonds | show 🗑
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Chemical Reaction | show 🗑
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show | the POWER to do WORK
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show | a change in MASS or DISTANCE
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Kinetic Energy | show 🗑
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show | Stored energy(ball at top of stairs)
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Activation energy | show 🗑
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show | Exergonic: produces more energy
Endogonic: uses more energy
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show | -organic: based on carbon(C)&hydrogen(H)
-INorganic: NOT based on C,H
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show | Nutrients: essential molecules obtained from FOOD
Metabolites: molecules made or broken down in the body
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show | Solubility:water's ability to dissolve a solute(salt) in a solvent(water) to make a solution(salt water)
-Reactivity: body chem uses or occurs in WATER
-High Heat capacity: ability to absorb&retain heat
-Lubrication: moisten & reduce friction
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show | -INorganic ion
-conduct electricity in solution
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show | -hydro=water
-philic=loving
-reacts with water
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Hydrophobic | show 🗑
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Types of Solutions | show 🗑
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show | Acid(acidic):pH lower than 7.0(1,2,3,4,5,6)
-high H+ concentration
Base(basic):pH higher than
-high OH- concentration
7.0(8,9,10,11,12,13,14)
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Carbohydrates FUNCTIONS | show 🗑
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Carbohydrates TYPES | show 🗑
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Lipids Types | show 🗑
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show | -Fatty Acids: energy source
-Eicosanoids: chem. messenger
-Glycerides: E source/storage,insulation, physical protection
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Lipid Function cont... | show 🗑
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show | -structural protein
-contractile protein
-transport protein
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Protein Function 4,5,6,7 | show 🗑
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show | Specificity:
-1 enzyme catalyzes 1 reaction
Saturation limits:
-an enzyme's max work rate
Regulation:
-the ability to turn off & on
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Enzyme function | show 🗑
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show | -organic molecule
-Basic element: COHN
-basic building block: 20 amino acids
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show | -lg. organic molecule
-in nucleus
-store & process info. at molecular level
-DNA & RNA
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | show 🗑
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show | -codes intermediate steps in protein synthesis
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DNA Bases: | show 🗑
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show | -uracil(U)...replaces thymine(T)
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Nucleotides | show 🗑
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show | Have 3 molecular parts:
-sugar(deoxyribose)
-phosphate group
-nitrogenous base: A,G,T,C
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show | soma=body
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show | structrual protein for shape & strength
-In Microfilaments
-In Microtubules
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Microvilli | show 🗑
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show | -builds polypeptides in protein syn.
-2 types:
free ribosomes in cytoplasm
fixed ribosomes attached to ER
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ER (endoplasmic reticulum) endo plasm reticulum | show 🗑
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Golgi Apparatus | show 🗑
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Lysosomes | show 🗑
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Mitochondria | show 🗑
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show | Has a...
Tail: hydrophobic
Head: hydrophilic
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Nucleus | show 🗑
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show | -Nucleosomes
-Chromatin
-Chromosomes
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Genes | show 🗑
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show | Allows some materials to move freely but restricts other materials
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show | This is how DNA instructions become protein.
Using: Transcription, Translation, Processing
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show | copies instructions from DNA to mRNA(in nucleus)
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show | Function
-syn. of protein,carbohydrates,lipids
-storage of synthesized mole. & material
-transport w/in ER
-Detoxification of drugs/toxin
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show | Template serves as a series of codes for the amino acid sequence of the protein
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3 Categories of Transport | show 🗑
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7 methods of transport | show 🗑
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Factors Affecting Diffusion | show 🗑
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show | Simple:diffuse through cell membrane
Channel-Mediated:materials pass through transmembrane protein(channels)
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Osmosis | show 🗑
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Tonicity-iso | show 🗑
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Tonicity-hypo | show 🗑
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show | hyper=more
Has more solutes on the outside.
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show | Carries proteins passively transport solutes across a membrane down a concentration gradient
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Cotransport | show 🗑
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Countertransport | show 🗑
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receptor mediated endocytosis | show 🗑
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Active Transport | show 🗑
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Exocytosis & Endocytosis | show 🗑
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show | Drinking Cell, drinks extracellular fluids
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show | Eating Cell, engulfs large objects in phagosomes
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show | P.M.A.T
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show | Distribution of duplicated chromosomes into 2 daughter cells
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show | the 'X'
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Chromatid | show 🗑
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Centermere | show 🗑
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Cytokinesis | show 🗑
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show | Na+ concentration gradient drives glucose transport
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Created by:
MReyes14
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