Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P ch 1,2,3,parts4
anatomy and physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organization of living things-atoms to organism | Atom,Molecules,Organelles,Cells, Tissue, Organ System, Organism: AMOCTOSO |
| -Catabolism -Anabolism Metabolism | Cata: breaking down Ana: build UP Meta: sum total of all chem. processes |
| Auto regulation (INTRINSIC) | automatic response in a CELL, TISSUE, or ORGAN |
| EXTRINSIC regulation | responses controlled by NERVOUS & ENDOCRINE system |
| (+)POSITIVE feedback | response of the effector REINFORCES the stimulus |
| (-)NEGATIVE feedback | response of the effector NEGATES the stimulus |
| What makes up 95% of the human body? | COHN: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen |
| Tell me about atoms and what they are made of? | smallest unit of element -in atom: (+)proton,(0) neutron,(-) electron |
| How to find atomic mass? | sum of the masses of protons & electron |
| Isotopes | -iso=same -atom that has a different # of neutrons -ex)Carbon12:p6,n6,e6--C 13:p6,n7,e6--C 14:p6,n8,e6 |
| What do orbitals hold and where do you find it? | -area around a nucleus where an electron is most likely found. -electrons can absorb and release energy |
| (+)Cation | more protons(cats r positive,so r protons) |
| (-)Anion | more electrons |
| What happens in Oxidation & Reduction? | Oxidation: LOSS of electron Reduction: GAIN of electron |
| molecule | a group of atoms held together by energy in a stable association->Oxy2 |
| compound | 2 or more group of atoms bonf together->NaCl(salt) |
| Ionic Bond | formed b/c ions of opposite charge attract 1 another->salt: Sodium Na+ & Chlorine Cl- |
| Covalent Bonds | formed by 2 or more atoms share pairs of valence elections |
| Hydrogen Bonds | -in water molecule -both Oxygen & Hydrogen attact to share electrons in covalent bond (electronegativity) -easy to break/make |
| Chemical Reaction | Occurs during the formation or breaking of chem. bonds |
| Energy | the POWER to do WORK |
| WORK | a change in MASS or DISTANCE |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy in motion(ball going down the stairs) |
| Potential Engergy | Stored energy(ball at top of stairs) |
| Activation energy | -gets a reaction started -enzymes(protein): proteins that lower the activation energy of a reaction.less E,less time |
| Exergonic reaction: Endogonic reaction: | Exergonic: produces more energy Endogonic: uses more energy |
| Organic & INorganic molecules | -organic: based on carbon(C)&hydrogen(H) -INorganic: NOT based on C,H |
| Essential Molecules | Nutrients: essential molecules obtained from FOOD Metabolites: molecules made or broken down in the body |
| Properties of WATER | Solubility:water's ability to dissolve a solute(salt) in a solvent(water) to make a solution(salt water) -Reactivity: body chem uses or occurs in WATER -High Heat capacity: ability to absorb&retain heat -Lubrication: moisten & reduce friction |
| Electrolytes | -INorganic ion -conduct electricity in solution |
| Hydrophilic | -hydro=water -philic=loving -reacts with water |
| Hydrophobic | -phobic=fear -does NOT react with water |
| Types of Solutions | -Colloid: very lg.organic molecule -Suspension: particles settle(sediment) -Concentration: amt. of solute(salt) in slvent(salt)-> mol/L, mg/mL |
| pH | Acid(acidic):pH lower than 7.0(1,2,3,4,5,6) -high H+ concentration Base(basic):pH higher than -high OH- concentration 7.0(8,9,10,11,12,13,14) |
| Carbohydrates FUNCTIONS | Monosaccharides: energy source Disaccharides: energy source Polysaccharides: storage of glucose |
| Carbohydrates TYPES | -Monosaccharides: simple sugars 3-7 carbon atoms (glucose) -Diacccharides: 2 simple sugars condensed by dehydration synthesis(sucrose)=glucose+glucose -Polysaccharides: chain of many simple sugars(glycogen) |
| Lipids Types | -Fatty Acids -Eicosanoids -Glycerides -Steriods -Phospholipids & Glycolipids |
| Lipid Functions | -Fatty Acids: energy source -Eicosanoids: chem. messenger -Glycerides: E source/storage,insulation, physical protection |
| Lipid Function cont... | -Steriods: structural component of cell mem,hormones,digestive secretion in bile -Phospholipids & Glycolipids: structural component of cell mem. |
| Protein Function 1,2,3 | -structural protein -contractile protein -transport protein |
| Protein Function 4,5,6,7 | -buffering: reg. of pH -metabolic reg.: enzymes -hormones -antibodies |
| Enzyme(protein) characteristics | Specificity: -1 enzyme catalyzes 1 reaction Saturation limits: -an enzyme's max work rate Regulation: -the ability to turn off & on |
| Enzyme function | Catalyst:lower activation E of chem. reaction -NOT changes/used up in reaction |
| Protein characteristics | -organic molecule -Basic element: COHN -basic building block: 20 amino acids |
| Nucleic Acid | -lg. organic molecule -in nucleus -store & process info. at molecular level -DNA & RNA |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | -determine inherited characteristic -direct protein synthesis -control enzyme production -control metabolism |
| RNA (ribonnucleic acid) | -codes intermediate steps in protein synthesis |
| DNA Bases: | -adenine(A) -thymine(T) -cytosine(C) -guanine(G) |
| RNA Bases: | -uracil(U)...replaces thymine(T) |
| Nucleotides | -building blocks of DNA |
| Nucleotides parts | Have 3 molecular parts: -sugar(deoxyribose) -phosphate group -nitrogenous base: A,G,T,C |
| Somatic Cells | soma=body |
| Cytoskeleton | structrual protein for shape & strength -In Microfilaments -In Microtubules |
| Microvilli | -increase surface area for absorption -the finger looking wiggly thing in a cell -attached to cytoskeleton - |
| Ribosomes | -builds polypeptides in protein syn. -2 types: free ribosomes in cytoplasm fixed ribosomes attached to ER |
| ER (endoplasmic reticulum) endo plasm reticulum | endo=within.. plama=cytoplasm.. reticulum=network |
| Golgi Apparatus | -Secretory Vesicle -Membrane renewal -Transport vesicle |
| Lysosomes | lyso=dissovlve__soma=body formed by Golgi, digestive enzymes, ejects secretory product & wastes |
| Mitochondria | -produces ATP(energy -takes chem. E from food(glucose) -cristae form walls |
| Phospholipid bilayer | Has a... Tail: hydrophobic Head: hydrophilic |
| Nucleus | -DNA -Nucleoplasm -Nuclear matrix |
| DNA organization | -Nucleosomes -Chromatin -Chromosomes |
| Genes | -DNA instruction for 1 protein Code: A, T, C, G 3 bases= 1 amino acid |
| Selective Permeability | Allows some materials to move freely but restricts other materials |
| Protein Synthesis steps | This is how DNA instructions become protein. Using: Transcription, Translation, Processing |
| TranSCRPITion | copies instructions from DNA to mRNA(in nucleus) |
| ER (endoplasmic reticulum) Function | Function -syn. of protein,carbohydrates,lipids -storage of synthesized mole. & material -transport w/in ER -Detoxification of drugs/toxin |
| TranSLATion | Template serves as a series of codes for the amino acid sequence of the protein |
| 3 Categories of Transport | -Diffusion(passive) -Carrier-mediated transport(passive or active) -Vasicular transport(active) |
| 7 methods of transport | -Diffusion, active transport -osmosis, carrier-mediated,2nd active transport, exocytosis |
| Factors Affecting Diffusion | Distance, Molecule size, Temp, Gradient size |
| Diffusion types | Simple:diffuse through cell membrane Channel-Mediated:materials pass through transmembrane protein(channels) |
| Osmosis | Must have water. Freely permeable to water, selectively permeable to solutes |
| Tonicity-iso | iso=same__tonos=tention Solution that does not cause osmotic flow of water in or out of a cell |
| Tonicity-hypo | hypo=less Has less solutes on outside. Gains water through osmosis. |
| Tonicity-hyper | hyper=more Has more solutes on the outside. |
| Carrier-meadiated Transport | Carries proteins passively transport solutes across a membrane down a concentration gradient |
| Cotransport | 2 substances move in the same direction at the same time |
| Countertransport | 1 substance moves in while another moves out |
| receptor mediated endocytosis | receptors (glyco proteins) bind targert molecules(ligands).coated vesicle(endosome) carries ligands & recepptors into the cell |
| Active Transport | -move substances AGAINST concentration gradient -requires E -ion pump |
| Exocytosis & Endocytosis | Exo=out of Endo=into, active transport using ATP |
| Pinocytosis | Drinking Cell, drinks extracellular fluids |
| Phagocytosis | Eating Cell, engulfs large objects in phagosomes |
| Cell Cycle | P.M.A.T |
| Mitosis | Distribution of duplicated chromosomes into 2 daughter cells |
| Chromosome | the 'X' |
| Chromatid | Half of the 'X'__< |
| Centermere | the middle(button) |
| Cytokinesis | division of the cell. Animal cells:occures by constriction of actin fibers. Plant cell: occurs by synthesis if cell plant. |
| Secondary Active Transport | Na+ concentration gradient drives glucose transport |
Created by:
MReyes14
Popular Anatomy sets