Layers and Properties
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| Stratum Corneum | 1. TOPMOST of EPIDERMIS - Stratified Squamous over Cuboidal epithelium | DEAD, dehydrated, "Keratinized" squamous cells, constantly shed
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| Stratum Lucidum | 2. "clear" Squamous cells | only in palms, lips, and soles
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| Stratum Granulosum | 3. "granular" cells | nuclei disintegrate - cells are dying
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| Stratum Spinosum | 4. spiny cells interlocked by Protein filaments | multi-sided (puzzle piece)
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| Stratum Germinativum | 5. DEEPEST of EPIDERMIS - "germinating", actively dividing Cuboidal cells | Melanocytes: form and distribute melanin pigment
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| Dermis | thick CONNECTIVE tissue | contains Receptors, Hair Folicles, Sweat and Sebaceous Glands
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| Papillary Layer | UPPERMOST of DERMIS - AREOLAR tissue containing blood capillaries and nerves | provides friction ridges (FINGER PRINTS)
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| Reticular Layer | DEEPEST of DERMIS - DENSE IRREGULAR connective tissue made of Collagen and Elastin | provides STRENGTH and FLEXIBILITY
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| Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis) | BENEATH DERMIS - Simple AREOLAR tissue and ATIPOSE | for FAT STORAGE and ATTACHMENT to underlying muscle tissue
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| Nails | KARITINIZED PLATES of flat EPIDERMAL cells | Grasping, Manipulation, Protection
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| Hair | KARITINIZED epithelial TUBES with a hollow core - pigmented cortex (melanin) determines hair color | follicle supplied with ARRECTOR PILI muscle - SENSATION and THERMAL insulation
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| Sebaceous Glands | arise from the walls of HAIR FOLLICLES | product: SEBUM - regulated by: SEX HORMONES - coats/SEALS Hair and Epidermis
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| Sweat (Sudoriferous) Glands | coiled epithelial tubes | product: SWEAT (water, NaCl and metabolic waste) - regulated by: TEMPERATURE and PSYCHOLOGICAL factors
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| Thermoregulation | Heat Conservation or Loss at skins surface | TO regulate body TEMPERATURE
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| Vasodilation | MORE blood flows | more HEAT LOST
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| Vasoconstriction | less BLOOD FLOWS | to KEEP HEAT
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| Absorption | Function of the Skin (uptake limited due to waxy SEBUM and KERITINIZATION) | some diffusion of GASES and FAT-soluble drugs
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| Hydro-regulation | Function of the Skin | guards against WATER LOSS or GAIN
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| Protection | Function of the Skin - 2 occlusive BARRIERS: Chemical Barrier: SEBUM, KERATIN, and MELANIN - Physical Barrier: Stratum CORNEUM and HAIR | Protection Against: BACTERIA, PARASITES, U.V. RADIATION, NOXIOUS CHEMICALS, and FRICTION
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| Chemical Barrier | SEBUM, KERATIN, and MELANIN | PROTECTION
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| Physical Barrier | Stratum CORNEUM and HAIR | PROTECTION
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| Reception | Function of the Skin - Sensory NERVES and RECEPTORS in the DERMIS | PROTECTION: sensations of TOUCH, PRESSURE, and PAIN
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| Synthesis | synthesizes Vitamin D | helps absorb CALCIUM
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