Exam 1
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| Gluteus Maxiumus: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Ext. surface of ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line; iliac crest, dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx; sacrotuberous ligament; superficial fascia of gluteus medius
Distal: Most fibers end in IT; some into gluteal tuberosity
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| Nerve that innervates the Gluteus Maximus | Inferior gluteal nerve (L5,S1,2)
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| Actions of Gluteus Maximus | While running/climbing: extends flexed thigh; posterior fibers- lateral rotation of thigh; superior fibers powerful abductors; steadies thigh via IT band insertion. Assists in raising trunk from flexed position when fixed insertion.
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| Gluteus Medius: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Distal: Superolateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
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| Nerve that innervates teh Gluteus Medius | Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4,5,S1)
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| Actions of Gluteus Medius | Abducts thigh; anterior fibers medially rotate thigh; steady pelvis; essential in keepin pelvis level when contralateral foot raised; when leg fixed, prevents abduction
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| Gluteus minimus: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Distal: Anterolateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
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| Nerve that innervates the Gluteus minimus | Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4,5,S1)
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| Actions of Gluteus Minimus | Abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh; steadies pelvis; keeps pelvis level when contralateral foot raised; prevents abduction when leg fixed
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| Piriformis: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Anterior suface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament; ilium near PSIS
Distal: Superior border of greater trochanter; some fibers blend with tendon of obturator internus and gemelli
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| Nerve that innervates the Piriformis | Nerve to piriformis (S1,2)
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| Actions of Piriformis | Laterally roates extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum
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| Gemelli (Superior and Inferior): Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal:
Superior- ischial spine
Inferior- ischial tuberosity
Distal: Medial surface of greater trochanter
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| Nerve that innnervates Superior and Inferior Gemelli | Superior: Nerve to Obturator Internus (L5,S1,2)
Inferior: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris (L4,5,S1)
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| Actions of Gemelli | laterally rotates extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, steadies femoral head in acetabulum
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| Obturator Internus: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Pelvic surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones
Distal: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
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| Nerve that innervates the obturator internus | Nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1,2)
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| Actions of Obturator Internus | Laterally rotates extended thigh; abducts flexed thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum
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| Quadratus Femoris: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
Distal: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and inferior to it
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| Nerve that innervates quadratus femoris | nerve to quadratus femoris (L4,5,S1)
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| Actions of quadratus femoris | laterally rotates thigh; steadies femoral head in acetabulum
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| Semitendinosus: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Ischail tuberosity
Distal: Superior part of medial surface of tibia
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| Nerve that innervates semitendinosus | Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
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| Actions of semitendinosus | Extends thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg; pulls trunk upright against gravity
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| Semimembranosus: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Ischial tuberosity
Distal: Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
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| Nerve that innervates semimembranosus | Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
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| Actions of semimembranosus | Extends thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg; pulls trunk upright against gravity
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| Biceps femoris: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal:
Long head- ischial tuberosity
Short head- lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line
Distal: lateral side of head of fibula; tendon split at this site by fibular collateral ligament
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| Nerve that innervates biceps femoris | Long head: tibial div. of sciatic (L4-S3)
Short head: common fibular div. of sciatic (L4-S2)
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| Actions of biceps femoris | flexes and latarally rotates leg; extends thigh; pulls trunk upright against gravity
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| Adductor magnus: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium (adductor part) and ischial tuberosity
Distal: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line (adductor part), adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring part)
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| Nerve that innervates adductor magnus | Adductor part: (obturator nerve (L2,3,4)
Hamstring part: (tibial div. of sciatic (L4-S3)
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| Actions of adductor magnus | adducts thigh; adductor part flexes thigh; hamstring part extends thigh
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| Adductor brevis: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: body and inferior ramus of pubis
Distal: Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera
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| Nerve that innervates adductor brevis | Obturator nerve (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of adductor brevis | Adducts thigh; slightly flexes thigh
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| Adductor longus: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
Distal: Middle third of linea aspera
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| Nerve that innervates adductor longus | Obturator nerve (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of adductor longues | adduts thigh
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| Gracilis: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
Distal: Superior part of medial surface of tibia
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| Nerve that innervates gracilis | Obturator nerve (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of gracilis | Adducts thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg
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| Obturator Externus: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Margins of obturator formaen and obturator membrane
Distal: trochanteric fossa of femur
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| Nerve that innervates obturator externus | Obturator nerve (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of obturator externus | Laterally rotates thigh; steadies head of femur in acetabulum
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| Pectineus: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Pecten pubis
Distal: Pectineal line of femur
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| Nerve that innervates pectinues | femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
may receive branch from Obturator N (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of Pectineus | Adducts thigh; flexes thigh; flexes pelvis
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| Sartorius: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: ASIS and superior notch inferior to it
Distal: Superior part of medial surface of tibia
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| Nerve that innervates sartorius | Femoral Nerve (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of sartorius | Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh (+ knee flexion = cross legged sitting position)
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| Tensor fascia latae: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: External surface of ASIS and anterior part of external lip of iliac crest; fascia lata
Distal: IT tract that attaches to lateral condyle of tibia
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| Nerve that innervates TFL | Superior gluteal nerve (L4,5,S1)
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| Actions of TFL | Adducts and medially rotates thigh; helps keep knee extended; steadies trunk on thigh; stedies femur on tibia (most important in steadying pelvis)
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| Vastus lateralis: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera
Distal: base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
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| Nerve that innervates vastus lateralis | Femoral Nerve (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of vastus lateralis | Extends leg at knee joint
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| Vastus medialis: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Intertrochanteric line; medial lip of linea aspera
Distal: base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
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| Nerve that innervates vastus medialis | Femoral Nerve (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of vastus medialis | Extends leg at knee joint
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| Vastus Intermedius: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
Distal: Base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
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| Nerve that innervates vastus intermedius | Femoral Nerve (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of vastus intermedius | extends leg at knee joint
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| Articularis Genu: Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal: Distal anterior surface of femoral shaft
Distal: proximal reflection of synovial membrane of knee joint
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| Nerve that innervates articularis genu | Femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of articularis genu | retracts supra-patellar bursa during knee extension
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| Rectus femoris (kicking muscle): Proximal and distal attachments | Proximal:
Straight head- AIIS
Reflected head - groove superior to acetabulum
Distal: base of patella and via patella ligament to tibial tuberosity
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| Nerve that innervates rectus femoris: | Femoral nerve: (L2,3,4)
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| Actions of rectus femoris | Extends leg at knee joint; steadies hip joint; helps iliopsoas to flex thigh
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