NHTC 11 Obstetrics & Gynecology Pathological Conditions
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| amenorrhea | absence of menstruation | a=without, not meno=menses, menstruation rrhea=discharge, flow
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| dysmenorrhea | painful menstruation | dys=bad, painful, difficult rrhea=discharge
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| menorrhagia | increased amount and duration of menstrual flow | meno=menses, menstruation rrhagia=bursting forth (of blood)
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| metrorrhagia | bleeding between menstrual cycles | metro=uterus, womb rrhagia=bursting forth (of blood)
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| oligomenorrhea | an abnormally light menstrual flow or a reduction in menstruation | olig=scanty meno=menses, menstruation rrhea=discharge, flow
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| polymenorrhea | abnormally frequent recurrence of the menstrual cycle | poly=many, much meno=menses, menstruation
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| premenstrual syndrome (PMS) | syndrome of nervous tension, irritability, weight gain, edema, headache, mastalgia, dysphoria, and lack of coordination occurring during the last few days of the menstrual cycle before the onset of menses | (blank)
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| fibrocystic breast disease | presence of single or multiple cysts that are palpable in the breasts | (blank)
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| fibroma (fibroid) of the uterus | benign neoplasm consisting of fibrous, encapsulated connective tissue | fibr=fiber, fibrous tissue oma=tumor
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| hydatidiform mole | intrauterine polycystic mass in which the chorionic villi have undergone cystic degeneration causing a rapid growth of the uterus with hemorrhage | (blank)
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| ovarian cyst | globular sac filled with fluid or semisolid material that develops in or on the ovary | (blank)
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| chocolate cyst | large, blood-filled cyst | (blank)
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| dermoid cyst | cyst lined with various cell types and containing fatty material, hair, teeth and bits of bone & cartilage | derm=skin oid=resembling
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| follicle cyst | cyst that originates in an unruptured graafian follicle | (blank)
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| luteal cyst | cyst that develops when the corpus luteum fails to regress | (blank)
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| carcinoma of the cervix | malignant neoplasm of the uterine cervix that can be detected in the early, curable stage by the Papanicolaou (Pap) test | (blank)
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| carcinoma of the uterus, endometrial cancer | adenocarcinoma of the endometrium of the uterus | endo=in, within metr=uterus, measure al=pertaining to
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| ovarian carcinoma | malignant neoplasm of the ovaries that is asymptomatic in its early stage and metastasizes to the pelvic and abdominal areas, often before diagnosis | (blank)
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| candidiasis | infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of Candida, but chiefly C. albicans | candid=glowing white iasis=abnormal condition
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| vaginal | vaginal infection caused by a species of Candida, characterized by pruritus and white discharge | vagin=vagina al=pertaining to
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| cervicitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the uterine cervix | cervic=neck, cervix uteri (neck of the uterus) itis=inflammation
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| endometriosis | presence of endometrial tissue outside (ectopic) the uterine cavity | endo=in, within metr=uterus, measure osis=abnormal condition, increase (used primarily with blood cells)
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| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | infection of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures | (blank)
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| pyosalpinx | accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube | pyo=pus salpinz=tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
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| sexually transmitted disease (STD) | any disease that may be acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual | (blank)
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| toxic shock syndrome | rare and sometimes fatal disease caused by toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus | (blank)
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| abruptio placentae | premature detachment of a normally situated placenta after the 20th week of gestation | (blank)
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| breech presentation | intrauterine position of the fetus in which the buttocks or feet present first (versus the head) | (blank)
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| eclampsia | gravest form of pregnancy-induced hypertension | (blank)
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| ectopic pregnancy | implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity | (blank)
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| hydramnios | excess of amniotic fluid that leads to an overditension of the uterus and the possibility of malpresentation of the fetus | hydr=water amnios=a caul (the intact amniotic sac surrounding the fetus at birth)
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| placenta previa | placenta that is abnormally implanted in the uterus so that it impinges on or covers the internal os (opening) of the uterine cervix | (blank)
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| pre-eclampsia | complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema | pre=before, in front ec=out, out from lampsia=to shine
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| Down syndrome, trisomy 21 | chromosomal abnormality that results in mild to severe mental retardation and other abnormalities | (blank)
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| hyaline membrane disease | respiratory condition that primarily occurs in the premature neonate | (blank)
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| hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain | hydro=water cephal=head us=condition
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| kernicterus | abnormal toxic accumulation of bilirubin in the central nervous system tissues caused by high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream (hyperbilirubinemia) of a neonate; jaundice appears; the more serious effects include brain damage and mental retardation | kern=kernel (nucleous) icterus=jaundice
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| pyloric stenosis | congenital defect in which narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach causes an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine | pylor=pylorus ic=pertaining to stenosis=narrowing, stricture
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