MEDSCI 142
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| Males | -constant production of spermatozoon &fertility -decreases with age -~300mill/day
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| Females | -cyclic ~3days/month -7mill follicles~400ovulated
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| Endocrine glands | -hypothalamus & pituitary(in brain) -adrenal(above kidney's) -gonads
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| gonads | -testis&ovaries -produce gametes -hormones produced
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| Hypothalamus | -homeostatic regulator=temp,hunger,thirst,sleep stress
-neuroendocrine=nueral & hormonal info
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| posterior pituitary | release hormones= nuerosecretory peptide hormones (NPH)
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| nuerosecretory nuerons | -conduct nerve impulses -produce, conduct & release NPH -pass into post pituitary
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| Nuerosecretory peptide hormones | -produced in hypothalamus -carrier proteins to axon terminals -stored in secretory vessels -nerve impulses trigger exocytosis=releasing hormones
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| Hormones released? *nuerosecretory peptide hormones* | *oxytocin *antiduiretic hormones
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| Oxytocin | -smooth muscle contraction (milk ejection, contraction of uterus, induces labour) -secreted by stimulation of nipples/uterie distension
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| Antidiuretic hormones | -acts on kidneys=retain water
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| Anterior pituitary | -releasing & inhibiting hormones in cell body into vesicles -nerve impulses=hormones secreted into hypophysealportal vessels
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| hypophysealportal system | blood flows from capillarybed to another without passing through heart
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| Anterior pituitary secretory cells | -releasing & inhibiting hormones act on specific cells -clumps on termini of portal blood vessels -Gonadotrophs- gonadotrophin
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| Gonadotrophins e.g | -FSH follicle stimulating hormone -LH luteinising hormone
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| Pulsatile release | -hypothalamic secretion= discrete burst, prevents receptor desensitations & down regulation
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| FSH |
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| Uterine tubes | -fertilisation in ampulla (1)rich nutritive environment (2)epithelial linin, secretory colunar (3) mucosa surrounded by concentric layers of SM
(4)ciliary movement transports
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| Eptopic pregnancy | -fertilisation not in uterine wall -risk factors: smoking, older, prior damage
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| Ovary | -oval 5-10g -3regions -ovarian cortex -centra ovarian medulla -inner hilium
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| Ovarian cortex | -ovarian follicles
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| central ovarian medulla | -ovarian stroma -steriod producing cells
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| Inner Hilium | -point entry for nerves & blood vessels
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| Follicular development | primordial follice-primary follicle-2nd follicle-mature follicle-ovulation-corpus luteum-corpus arlbican-fertilisation
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| Menopause | -end of reproductive life -50-52yrs -ovary runs out of follicles -<1000 follicles
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| Spermatogenesis basics | -sperm production -only in semeniferous tubes
-after puberty -300-600sperm/g/testi/sec
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| phases of sperm production | (1)mitotic division (2)meiotic division (3)spermiogenesis
*puberty:gem cells activated
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| (1)mitosis | -spermatogonial stem cells divide -form 2n -in basal compartments
-move between stertole cells into adluminal compartments->spermatocytes
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| (2)meiotic division | 1 spermatocyte(2n)-2 spermatocyte(n)-spermatid(n l)
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| Spermiogenesis | -cytodifferentiation
-spermatids differentiate to spermatozoa -move to lumen -
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