Pharmacology HIM1442
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| study of drugs & their interactions with living organisms | pharmacology
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| derived from Dutch word droog, which means dry, & refers to use of dried herbs & plants | drug
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| prevent disease, diagnose disease, or treat symptoms, signs, conditions, & diseases | three general medical uses for drugs
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| comes from Latin word for recipe, meaning take | origin of Rx
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| pharmacology comes from | Greek word pharmakon
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| pharmacology is concerned with the __ of drugs | nature
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| pharmacology is concerned with the __ drugs have on the body | effects
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| pharmacology is concerned with drug __ | doses
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| pharmacology is concerned with the possible __ __ of drugs | side effects
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| Latin word for drug is medicina, from which we derive the word(s) | medicine/medication
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| refers to drug that is deliberately administered for its medicinal value as preventative, diagnostic, or therapeutic agent. | medicine
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| study of the uses of drugs is known as | pharmacotherapy
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| administration of a preventative drug | prophylaxis
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| prophylaxis is from a Greek word meaning | to keep guard over
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| indicates a prescription, the combining of ingredients to form a drug | meaning of Rx
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| atropine & scopolamine are derived from | belladonna
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| morphine is derived from | opium
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| colchicine is derived from | autumn crocus
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| ephedrine is derived from | Ephedra
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| chemists developed techniques to extract & isolate pure substances from crude drug preparations | preparation of drugs during 1800s
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| preparation of drugs utilized test tubes, filters, & Bunsen burners; pharmacists actually prepared drugs they dispensed | preparation of drugs during 1900s
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| 1906; 1st federal drug law; 1912 amendment required accurate labeling of drugs & only drugs listed in US Pharmacopeia or National Formulary could be prescribed | Food & Drug Administration Act
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| 1938; government no longer needed proof of fraud to stop sale of drug | Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act
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| job to review data from drug manufacturer's scientific experiments & evaluate safety of drugs | Food & Drug Administration (FDA)
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| 1951; amended Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act; defined prescription drugs as those drugs that could only be given to patients under physician care | Durham-Humphrey Amendment
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| 1962; amendment to Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act; tightened control on existing prescription drugs & new drugs; drugs had to be shown safe & effective before being marketed | Kefauver-Harris Amendment
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| 1994; allowed FDA to set up guidelines for manufacturers of herbal products & dietary supplements | Dietary Supplements & Health and Education Act
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| 1997; gave FDA authority to accelerate approval process for certain types of drugs | Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Modernization Act
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| FDA allows physicians to prescribe some investigational drugs even before they are officially approved for marketing | Emergency Treatment Investigational New Drug (IND)
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| Emergency Treatment Investigational New Drug (IND) is also known as | Compassionate Use IND application
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| 1996; all healthcare settings must provide patients with statement that verifies that their health record info, incl all drugs, is kept secure & only released to authorized inquiries from other providers, insurance, or healthcare quality monitoring orgs. | Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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| 1899 | Aspirin introduced
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| 1913 | Vitamins A & B discovered
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| 1966 | clotting factors introduced for hemophilia
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| 1978 | 1st portable insulin pump introduced
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| 1987 | AZT introduced; 1st drug for HIV
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| 1985 | ACE inhibitor drugs introduced for hypertension
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| 1996 | Fosamax introduced for osteoporosis
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| 1999 | Celebrex introduced for arthritis; 1st COX-2 inhibitor
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| 2003 | Fuzeon introduced; 1st fusion inhibitor drug for HIV
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| 2008 | Xenazine introduced; 1st FDA-approved drug for Huntington's disease
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| even when a drug included the name of addictive ingredient in its title or on its label | consumers were unaware of it addictive qualities
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| for each new drug FDA must weigh __ __ against __ __ of the drug | inherent risks; potential benefits
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| 1988, FDA was moved under | federal Department of Health & Human Services
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| defined as those drugs that are not safe to use except under professional medical supervision | prescriptions drugs
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| defined as one that can be purchased without a prescription & generally considered safe for consumer use if label directions followed carefully | over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
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| potentially addictive drugs; divided into 5 categories based on their potential for physical/psychological dependence | schedule drugs
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| capital C stands for | controlled substance
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| number written inside capital C stands for | assigned schedule
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| extremely high potential for abuse/addition; no currently accepted medical use; not available under any circumstances even w/prescription | Schedule I
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| examples of Schedule I substances | heroin, LSD, marijuana, methaqualone, peyote, psilocybin
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| high potential for abuse/addiction; currently accepted medical use; requires official prescription form; severe physical/psychological dependence may result | Schedule II
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| examples of Schedule II | cocaine, codeine, Demerol, Dilaudid, methadone, morphine, OxyContin, Percodan, Ritalin
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| less potential for abuse/addition; currently accepted medical use; moderate physical/psychological dependence may result | Schedule III
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| examples of Schedule III | anabolic steroids, Hycodan, Paregoric, testosterone, Tylenol w/Codeine, Vicodin
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| less potential for abuse/addition; currently accepted medical use; limited-to-moderate physical/psychological dependence may result | Schedule IV
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| examples of Schedule IV drugs | Ambien, Darvon, Librium, Meridia, Valium, Xanax
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| limited potential for abuse; currently accepted medical use; some physical/psychological dependence may result | Schedule V
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| examples of Schedule V drugs | cough syrups with codeine, Lomotil
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| 1983; facilitate development of new drugs to treat rare diseases | Orphan Drug Act
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| drugs to treat rare diseases; streamlined process of FDA approval | orphan drugs
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