Mixture of Anatomy
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| study of body structure | anatomy
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| study of body functions | physiology
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| organism cell or organelles, the ability to move substances | movement
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| the ability to detect and respond to stimuli internal and external | responsiveness
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| size of number of cells | growth
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| new cells or new organism | reproduction
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| releasing energy from foods | respiration
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| breakdown of macromolecules | digestion
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| moving material through membranes into body | absorption
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| changing absorbed material into other compounds | assimilation
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| moving substance throughout body | circulation
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| removing metabolic wastes | excretion
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| all the chemical reactions in the body | metabolism
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| levels of structural organization from smallest particle of matter to most complex | cell, tissues, organ, organ system.
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| maintaining a stable internal environment | homeostasis
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| vertebral canal | spinal cord
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| thoracic | shoulder to diaphragm
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| pleural | lungs
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| pericardial | heart
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| mediastinum | in between to lungs
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| toward the head | superior
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| away from the head | inferior
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| toward the front of the body | anterior
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| toward the back of the body | posterior
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| toward the midline | medial
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| away from the midline | lateral
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| toward the point of attachment | proximal
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| away from the point of attachment | distal
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| toward the surface of the body | superficial
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| away from the surface | deep
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| maintaining a stable internal environment | homeostasis
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| the chemical reactions in the body | metabolism
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| list one body homeostatic mechanisms | temperature, blood sugar, blood pressure
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| an internal change causes a response that reverses the ordinal stimulus | negative feedback
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| rare. a response enhances the original stimulus | positive feedback
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| vertebral canall | spinal cord
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| adominal | diaphragm to pelvic
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| framework, protection...sym | skeletal sym
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| contraction...sym | muscular sym
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| sense internal and external changes, and sends messages...sym | nervous sym
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| secretes hormones...sym | endocrine sym
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| carries materials to cells...sym | cardiovascular sym
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| carries fluids back to blood and provides protection...sym | lymphatic sym
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| breaks down and absorbs nutrients...sym | digestive sym
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| oxygen into blood and carbon dioxide out...sym | respiratory sym
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| removes wastes and excess h2o...sym | urinary sym
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| lengthwise plane- left and right sides | sagittal
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| crosswire plane- top and bottom halves | transverse
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| lengthwise plane front and back halves | frontal/coronal
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| similar cells specialized to carry out one function | tissues
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| study of tissues | histology
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| four types of tissues in the human body | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
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| function of epithelial tissue | covers organs, produces glands, lines cavities
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| shape of squamous | thin flattened
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| shape of cuboidal | cube shaped
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| shape of columnar | tall, elongated
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| shape of transitional | changes shape when stretched
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| single layer of flat cells, absorption | simple squamous
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| single layer of cube cells, absorption and secretion | simple cuboidal
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| single layer of tall cells, protection, secretion, and absorption | simple columnar
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| appear layered but are not usually ciliated with goblet cells | pesudostratified columnar
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| many layered flat cells | stratified squamous
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| two to three layers of cube cells | stratified cuboidal
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| several layers of tall cells | stratified columnar
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| secrete onto surfaces or cavities and an example...gland | exocrine glands, ex: salivary, sweat
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| secrete into the blood and an example...gland | endocrine glands, ex: thyroid
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| functions of connective tissues | bind structures, support protection
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| fixed cells that produce matrix fibers | fibroblasts
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| wandering cells that clear dead and foreign particles | macrophages
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| near blood vessels to prevents clotting and participate in allergic response | mast cells
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| thick protein fiber bundles, very strong and example...fiber | collagenous, ex: ligaments
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| thin protein fibers that stretch and recoil and example...fiber | elastic, ex: skin, vocal cords
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| thin collagen fibers, branched and example...fiber | reticular, ex: spleen
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| thin membranes fibroblasts far apart, ecm a gel with many collagen and elastin fibers, found deep to most epithelial layers...connt tissue | loose or areolar
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| fat storage cells, subcutaneous between muscles around heart and kidneys. cushions, insulates cells...connt tissue | adipose
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| few cells, ecm of closely packed collegan and elastic fibers found in tendons, ligaments...conn tissue | dense
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| ridige ecm provides, support, framework, cushioning at joints...conn tissue | cartilage
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| cartilage cells reside in lacunae...connt tissue | chondrocytes
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| ridige ecm. collagen surrounds cells, supports, protects, mineral storage...connt tissue | bone
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| bone cells. central canal provides transport into bones, canaliculi are tunnels between cells...connt tissue | ostepcytes
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| fluids ecm, plasma transports material...connt tissue | blood
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| muscles tissues functions | contract to provide movement
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| voluntatry, attaches to bone, striated, multinucleated elongated cells...mus tissue | skeletal
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| involuntary no striations, spindle shaped, mononucleated found in various organs, blood vessels...mus tissue | smooth
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| involuntary striated branched, momoncleated...mus tissue | cardiac
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| nervous tissues functions | sense changes, transmits impulses
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| produced and needed by the body | secreation
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| waste leaving the body | excertion
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Created by:
katercheers
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