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Mixture of Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of body structure | anatomy |
| study of body functions | physiology |
| organism cell or organelles, the ability to move substances | movement |
| the ability to detect and respond to stimuli internal and external | responsiveness |
| size of number of cells | growth |
| new cells or new organism | reproduction |
| releasing energy from foods | respiration |
| breakdown of macromolecules | digestion |
| moving material through membranes into body | absorption |
| changing absorbed material into other compounds | assimilation |
| moving substance throughout body | circulation |
| removing metabolic wastes | excretion |
| all the chemical reactions in the body | metabolism |
| levels of structural organization from smallest particle of matter to most complex | cell, tissues, organ, organ system. |
| maintaining a stable internal environment | homeostasis |
| vertebral canal | spinal cord |
| thoracic | shoulder to diaphragm |
| pleural | lungs |
| pericardial | heart |
| mediastinum | in between to lungs |
| toward the head | superior |
| away from the head | inferior |
| toward the front of the body | anterior |
| toward the back of the body | posterior |
| toward the midline | medial |
| away from the midline | lateral |
| toward the point of attachment | proximal |
| away from the point of attachment | distal |
| toward the surface of the body | superficial |
| away from the surface | deep |
| maintaining a stable internal environment | homeostasis |
| the chemical reactions in the body | metabolism |
| list one body homeostatic mechanisms | temperature, blood sugar, blood pressure |
| an internal change causes a response that reverses the ordinal stimulus | negative feedback |
| rare. a response enhances the original stimulus | positive feedback |
| vertebral canall | spinal cord |
| adominal | diaphragm to pelvic |
| framework, protection...sym | skeletal sym |
| contraction...sym | muscular sym |
| sense internal and external changes, and sends messages...sym | nervous sym |
| secretes hormones...sym | endocrine sym |
| carries materials to cells...sym | cardiovascular sym |
| carries fluids back to blood and provides protection...sym | lymphatic sym |
| breaks down and absorbs nutrients...sym | digestive sym |
| oxygen into blood and carbon dioxide out...sym | respiratory sym |
| removes wastes and excess h2o...sym | urinary sym |
| lengthwise plane- left and right sides | sagittal |
| crosswire plane- top and bottom halves | transverse |
| lengthwise plane front and back halves | frontal/coronal |
| similar cells specialized to carry out one function | tissues |
| study of tissues | histology |
| four types of tissues in the human body | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| function of epithelial tissue | covers organs, produces glands, lines cavities |
| shape of squamous | thin flattened |
| shape of cuboidal | cube shaped |
| shape of columnar | tall, elongated |
| shape of transitional | changes shape when stretched |
| single layer of flat cells, absorption | simple squamous |
| single layer of cube cells, absorption and secretion | simple cuboidal |
| single layer of tall cells, protection, secretion, and absorption | simple columnar |
| appear layered but are not usually ciliated with goblet cells | pesudostratified columnar |
| many layered flat cells | stratified squamous |
| two to three layers of cube cells | stratified cuboidal |
| several layers of tall cells | stratified columnar |
| secrete onto surfaces or cavities and an example...gland | exocrine glands, ex: salivary, sweat |
| secrete into the blood and an example...gland | endocrine glands, ex: thyroid |
| functions of connective tissues | bind structures, support protection |
| fixed cells that produce matrix fibers | fibroblasts |
| wandering cells that clear dead and foreign particles | macrophages |
| near blood vessels to prevents clotting and participate in allergic response | mast cells |
| thick protein fiber bundles, very strong and example...fiber | collagenous, ex: ligaments |
| thin protein fibers that stretch and recoil and example...fiber | elastic, ex: skin, vocal cords |
| thin collagen fibers, branched and example...fiber | reticular, ex: spleen |
| thin membranes fibroblasts far apart, ecm a gel with many collagen and elastin fibers, found deep to most epithelial layers...connt tissue | loose or areolar |
| fat storage cells, subcutaneous between muscles around heart and kidneys. cushions, insulates cells...connt tissue | adipose |
| few cells, ecm of closely packed collegan and elastic fibers found in tendons, ligaments...conn tissue | dense |
| ridige ecm provides, support, framework, cushioning at joints...conn tissue | cartilage |
| cartilage cells reside in lacunae...connt tissue | chondrocytes |
| ridige ecm. collagen surrounds cells, supports, protects, mineral storage...connt tissue | bone |
| bone cells. central canal provides transport into bones, canaliculi are tunnels between cells...connt tissue | ostepcytes |
| fluids ecm, plasma transports material...connt tissue | blood |
| muscles tissues functions | contract to provide movement |
| voluntatry, attaches to bone, striated, multinucleated elongated cells...mus tissue | skeletal |
| involuntary no striations, spindle shaped, mononucleated found in various organs, blood vessels...mus tissue | smooth |
| involuntary striated branched, momoncleated...mus tissue | cardiac |
| nervous tissues functions | sense changes, transmits impulses |
| produced and needed by the body | secreation |
| waste leaving the body | excertion |
Created by:
katercheers
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