Anat and phys Marieb chap 23 review - Nutrition
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| A young athlete is admitted to the hospital with diarrhea, vomiting, bone and joint pain, hyperglycemia, and tingling sensations. What is the problem? | show 🗑
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| Carbohydrates can be converted into nucleic acid T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False (enzymes hormones hemoglobin true)
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| show | False
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| A negative nitrogen balance occurs when protein breakdown excels protein synthesis T/F | show 🗑
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| The most abundant dietary lipids in the diets of most Americans are triglycerides. T/F | show 🗑
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| The body is considered to be in nitrogen balance when the amount of nitrogen ingested in lipids equals the amount excreted in urine. T/F | show 🗑
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| The body requires adequate supplies of only three minerals (calcium, sodium, chloride) and trace amounts of all others. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False (calcium True)
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| ______ is a Ten-step enzymatically driven process that converts glucose into pyruvic acid | show 🗑
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| Small amounts of ATP are formed by _____ | show 🗑
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| During glucose oxidation, pyruvic acid decomposes to CO2 in the ______ | show 🗑
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| show | electron transport chain
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| Anabolism includes reactions in which ________. | show 🗑
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| Oxidation reduction reactions may involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons T/F | show 🗑
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| show | oxidative phosphorylation
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| show | False
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| Gluconeogenesis is the process in which ________. | show 🗑
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| show | glycerol
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| Proteins yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized T/F | show 🗑
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| Glycolysis relies on substrate-level oxidation for the four ATP produced in this pathway. T/F | show 🗑
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| Most of the ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| The process of splitting glucose through a series of steps that produces two pyruvic acid molecules is called ________. | show 🗑
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| show | False (10 true)
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| Glycolysis is a series of six chemical steps, most of which take place in the mitochondria. T/F | show 🗑
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| arbohydrate and fat pools are oxidized directly to produce cellular energy, but amino acid pools must first be converted to a carbohydrate intermediate before being sent through cellular respiration pathways. T/F | show 🗑
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| Glycogen is formed in the liver during the ________. | show 🗑
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| show | Brain
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| show | False
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| show | True
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| Chopping wood on a hot but breezy afternoon, John stumbled into the house and immediately fainted. His T-shirt was wringing wet with perspiration, pulse was faint and rapid. heat stroke or heat exhaustion? What should you do to help John's recovery? | show 🗑
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| show | False (dilation true)
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| show | nutrient
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| show | False (water soluble)
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| Which nutrients function as coenzymes and are needed in only small amounts? | show 🗑
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| show | are characterized by one substance gaining an electron while another substance loses an electron
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| show | False (NADH FADH2 CO2)
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| show | True
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| Which hormone directs essentially all events of the absorptive state? | show 🗑
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| show | LDL
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| show | True
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| show | amino acids
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| Dilation of cutaneous blood vessels would increase body temperature T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False (Glycolysis only yields two ATP molecules per oxidized molecule of glucose. The electron transport chain yields the majority of the ATP produced in the complete oxidation of glucose)
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| show | False
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| Which hormone is called the "metabolic" hormone? | show 🗑
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| show | to generate ATP
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| show | True
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| A major means for conserving heat is: | show 🗑
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| show | 2
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| One function of vitamin A is to: | show 🗑
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| The site of electron transport is themitochondrial outer membrane. T/F | show 🗑
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| The thermoregulatory center is located in the: | show 🗑
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| Which coenzymes are reduced in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? | show 🗑
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| Phosphorus is considered a trace mineral T/F | show 🗑
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| Which lipoprotein contains high levels of cholesterol? | show 🗑
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| show | A protein without significant amounts of the eight essential amino acids is incomplete.
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| show | An increase in alpha receptors (the kind that favor fat accumulation) in fat cells
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| show | True
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| Shivering is a physiological response to hypothermia? T/F | show 🗑
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| show | heat one kilogram of water one degree Celsius.
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| The body's rate of kilocalorie consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities is called the: | show 🗑
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| show | obtained from an outside source because the body cannot make them.
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| Prolonged high protein intake can lead to: | show 🗑
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| show | False Iron is a mineral not a vitamin. Beta-carotene is considered a provitamin because the body can convert it to vitamin A through digestion.
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| Vitamin K is not stored in the body T/F | show 🗑
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| show | two molecules of pyruvic acid, two molecules of NAD+, and a net gain of two ATP.
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| Cyanide acts as a poison by: | show 🗑
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| show | gluconeogenesis
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| show | high lipid content (The higher the percentage of a lipid in a lipoprotein, the lower the density.)
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| show | HDL
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| show | Leptin; neuropeptide Y
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| show | coenzymes accept hydrogen
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| show | True (Antioxidants disarm free radicals. They include A, C, and E.)
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| show | False (Conduction is the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact.)
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| show | True (Fermentation results in lactic acid and frees up NAD.)
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| show | False (glucose is cleaved into two, three-carbon groups)
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| In order for amino acids to be converted into lipids, they must be deaminated. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| show | True (Electron transport causes a chemiosmotic gradient, which causes the oxidative phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.)
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| The role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to combine with carbon during the Krebs cycle. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False (Glucagon causes glycogenolysis.)
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| Anabolism is a building process in which larger molecules are built from smaller ones, while catabolism is a tearing down process in which complex structures are degraded to simpler ones. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False (The Krebs cycle is the complete breakdown of pyruvic acid to CO2, yielding small amounts of ATP and reduced coenzymes.)
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| Before lipids can be metabolized, the fatty acids must undergo beta oxidation to be converted into two-carbon acetic acid fragments. T/F | show 🗑
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| Gluconeogenesis occurs during cell respiration in the mitochondria. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | True (HDL transport excess cholesterol to the liver, where it is broken down and becomes part of bile.)
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| show | True (Any inorganic substance necessary for normal body functioning is called a mineral.)
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| show | True
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| show | Negative (If protein breakdown exceeds the rate of protein incorporation. A person in a state of physical stress (such as infection, starvation, or malnutrition) will exhibit negative nitrogen balance.)
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| Fat-soluble vitamins can be toxic if consumed in large quantities. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False (Cellular respiration is a catabolic process in which food fuels (energy sources) are broken down to provide ATP, which fuels cellular work.)
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| A substance that is reduced has lost an electron. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | True (Glycolysis, an anaerobic process, occurs in the cytosol. Glycolysis begins with glucose-6-phosphate and ends with the production of two molecules of pyruvic acid)
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| Glycolysis is an aerobic process. T/F | show 🗑
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| The Krebs cycle generates a rich supply of the reduced coenzymes, NADH and FADH2. T/F | show 🗑
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| The Krebs cycle is an anaerobic pathway. T/F | show 🗑
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| show | O2 (not water)
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| As proteins are broken down for energy______ is generated; the liver then converts this potentially toxic intermediate into______. | show 🗑
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| show | glycogen is broken down to release glucose.
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| ______ is considered "good" cholesterol; high blood levels of this cholesterol are thought to be beneficial. | show 🗑
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| CCK is considered a long-term regulator of food intake T/F | show 🗑
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| show | False (BMR is the energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities, such as breathing and maintaining resting levels of organ function. The lowest metabolic state of the body, however, occurs during sleep.)
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| show | True (Mechanisms that raise body temperature include: constricting cutaneous capillaries to reduce the loss of heat to the environment, shivering, increasing physical activity, eating, and raised levels of certain hormones such as thyroxine.)
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