Chapter 4
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| A change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiaion and reversion to a more primitive form | anaplasia
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| plantar | pertaining to sole or bottom of foot
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| Umbilicus | The navel;also called the belly button
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| pertaining to the front;belly side | ventral
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| lying horizontally on the back, faceup | supine
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| histologist | medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
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| any abnormal development of tissues or organs | dysplasia
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| lateral | Toward the side of the body, away from the midline.
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| Cervical Vertebrae | C1-C7 make up bones of the neck
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| Pertaining to the front of the body, or toward the belly of the body | anterior
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| Hyperplasia | An increase in the number of cells of a body part ("excessive formation")
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| what are the 3 types of muscle tissue | Smooth(Visceral), Skeletal, Cardiac
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| Inguinal region | lower Right and left side next to Hypogastric region in the Abdominal regions
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| Mediolateral | pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
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| Coccyx | 5th segment of vertebral column also known as the Tailbone.
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| Triangular Bone, 4th segment of spinal column | Sacrum
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| L1-L5 | Lumbar Vertebrae. Largest and Strongest Vertebrae in Spinal column
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| What does the Spinal Cavity contain? | nerves of the spinal cord
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| What does the Pelvic Cavity contain? | urinary bladder and reproductive organs.
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| What is the Abdominopelvic Cavity? | space between diaphragm and groin
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| contains the brain | Cranial Cavity
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| Frontward, toward the belly | Ventral
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| separated from thoracic cavity by the diaphragm | Abdominal Cavity
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| What organs does the abdominal cavity contain? | liver,spleen,gallbladder,stomach,intestines,pancreas,& kidneys
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| Contains the lungs,heart,aorta,esophagus,and trachea | Thoracic Cavity
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| The back or posterior | dorsum,dorsal
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| Prone | Lying face down on the abdomen
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| Supine | Lying Face up on the back
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| Where is the Inguinal region? | Lower left and right quadrants next to hyogastric region
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| the navel or the belly button | Umbilicus
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| Histologist | specialist in the study of tissues
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| What is the Peritoneum? | Serous membrane that covers the entire ABDOMINAL wall of the body.
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| Transmits impulses throughout the body coordinating and controlling many functions of the body | Nervous Tissue
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| Internal organs | Visceral
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| Study of cells | Cytology
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| Midsagittal | divide the body right and left equally
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| Systems | group of organs that perform functions
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| Mediolateral | pertaining to the middle AND side of a structure
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| covers internal and external organs of the body | Epethelial tissue
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| Cytoplasm | gel-like substance containing the cell organs
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| Contain genes that transmit hereditary characteristics | chromosomes
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| Towards the middle | Medial
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| Below | Inferior
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| Proximal | close to point of attachment
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| Posterior | Back
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| Front | Anterior
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| out towards the side. | Lateral
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| Distal | Far from point of attachment
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| Divides body into front and back portions | Frontal or Coronal
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| Above | Superior/Cranial/Cephalic
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| Transverse plane | Divides Top and bottom in half
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| Where is the epigastric region? | center upper region betweent R&L Hypochondriac regions
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| Connective Tissue | supports and binds other body tissue and parts
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| The cell's outer covering. Semipermeable. | cell membrane
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| Nucleus | Central controlling body within a living cell
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| New and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant. | Neoplasia
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| Anatomical Position | Standing with arms at sides and palms and feet turnd forward.
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| Hyperplasia | increase in the # of cells of a body part "Excessive formation"
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| Any abnormal development of tissues or organs "disordered formation" | dysplasia
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| Aplasia | a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue
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| Where is the Hypogastric region? | Lower mid section directly below Umblical region.
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| Caudal | pertaining to the tail
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| deep | away from the surface and toward the inside of the body
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| Pertainng to the sole or bottom of the foot | plantar
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| Where is the Umbilical region? | Middle section of abdomen
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| Where is the Lumbar region? | R&L Side Below Hypocondriac regions in middle section of abdominal regions.
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| Tissue | Cells grouped together to perform specialized functions.
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| hypoplasia | incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the # of cells.
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| T1-T12 | Thoracic vertebrae.Make up Vertebral bones of the chest.
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| Where is the Hypochondriac region? | Top region R&L above lumbar regions.
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| superficial | pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface
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| cranial | pertaining to the head
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| umbilc/0 | navel
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| cyt/o | cell
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| anter/o | front
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| hist/o | tissue
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| inguin/o | groin
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| ventr/o | front
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| poster/o | back
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| later/o | side,towards the side away from
midline
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| cervic/o | neck
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| medi/o | middle
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| inter- | between
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| hypo- | below
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| sub- | below
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| an-,a- | without or not
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| poly- | many
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| -itis | inflammation
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| epi- | upon
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| organelles that provide energy needed by the cell to carry on it's essential functions | mitochondria
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