Hillcrest Transcription, Case # 6 The Nervous System
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| aggregating | crowding or clustering together
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| ambulating | walking
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| arthropathy | any joint disease
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| blunted | to make less sharp: dull
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| cesarean | referring to cesarean section, and incision through the abdominal and uterine walls for delivery of a fetus
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| chiropractor | a practitioner of chripractic, a conservative science of applied neurophysiology; e.g., chiropractic theory is that irritation of the nervous system is the cause of disease
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| Cloward saddle | surgical equipment in which a patient is placed for back fusion, trade name
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| contrast medium | a substance that is introdued into or around a structure and, because of the difference in absorption of x-rays by both the contrast medium and the surrounding tissues, allows radigraphic visualization of the structure.
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| contused | bruised
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| convex | having a surface that is rounded and somwhat elevated
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| curette | spoon-shaped surgical instrument for removing tissue from a cavity wall or other bodily surface
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| Darvocet | trade name for drug used to treat mild to moderate pain
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| denies x3 | this phrase, as used in the Social History, refers to the fact that the patient denies alcohol, tabacco, and illicit drug use
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| discrete | made up of separate and distinct parts or defined by lesions that do not become unified
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| diskectomy | excision of an intervertebral disk (is sometimes spelled dicectomy)
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| epinephrine | generic drug used as a vasoconstrictor, cardiac stimulant, and bronchodilator; also called adrenaline
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| exacerbate | to increase in severity
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| facet | a small, smooth surface on a bone or other hard anatomic body
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| Flexeril | trade name for drug used to treat muscle spasm
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| focal degeneration | main area or center of deterioration
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| formalin | a powerful disifectant gas, used in water as a fluid to preserve tissue removed at surgery for pathologic evaluation; same as formdehyde
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| Gelfoam sponge | trade name of absorbable gelatin sponge; sterile, they are used in surgery to stop the flow of blood
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| gutter | low area, trough, or groove
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| herniated | protuding like a hernia; enclosed in a herna
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| i.e. | id est (that is)
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| intermittent | periodically stopping and starting again at separated intervals
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| intervertebral | located between two adjoining vertebrae
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| Kantrex | trade name of an antibiotic
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| 2+ knee and ankle jerks | this phrase refers to the sudden reflex or involuntary movements made when the doctor uses a rubber hammer to tap the knees and ankles; part of the neurologic exam; in this case they are grade as 2+, which means average or normal
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| L1-2 | lumbar spine, between first and second vertebrae (the disk space)
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| L2-3 | lumbar spine, between second and third vertebrae (disck space)
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| L3-4 | lumbar spine, between third and fourth vertebae (the disck space)
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| L4-5 | lumbar spine, between fourth and fifth verebrae (the disck space)
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| l5-S1 | lumbar spine, Fifth vetebra, and sacral spine, first vertebra (where the lumbar and sacral spine join)
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| lamina | a thin, flat plate or supportive layer, part of the structure of a vertebra
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| laminectomy | excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
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| lateral recess syndrome | a small hollow or indentation on the side of the fourth ventricle; by way of this recess, part of the fourth ventivle protrudes into the subarachnoid space
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| ligamentum flavum | band of yellow elastic tissue that assits in maintaining or regaining the erect position between tow adjoining vertebrae
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| light touch | when the doctor lightly storkes a part of the body, such as the extremities, to determine the patient's ability to feel; used in evaluation of the central nervous system
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| lumosacral | pertaining to the lumbar region of the spine (between the throax and the pelvis) and the sacrum
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| Marcaine | trade name for the local, injectable anesthetic agent bupivacaine
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| myelogram | an x-ray of the spinal cord obtained after injection of dye into the spinal canal
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| Norflex | trade name for a drug to treat muscle spasm
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| PAR | abbreviation for posteanesthesia recover, where patients are sent immediately after surgery (recovery room)
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| pinprick | when the doctor actually pricks a patient's skin with a sharp point to determine the level of feeling; part of the evaluation of the central nervous system
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| pleura | a serous membrane lining the thoracic or pleural cavity
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| prone | lying face downward
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| radicular | of or pertaining to a radical, which would be the cause or root of a morbid process, such as radical surgery
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| retraction | to draw back; the condition of being drawn back, suc as tissue during a surgical procedure
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| rongeur | a surgical instrument used for cutting tough tissue, such as bone
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| S1 root | sacral spine, first vertebra, at the lowest part
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| sacroiliac | the sacral and iliac spines--where they join and their associated ligaments
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| scaphoid | literally shaped like a boat, a scaphoid bone
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| scoliosis | a sideways deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine (S-shapeed spine)
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| spurring | projecting bodies (outgrowths) from a bone or muscle
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| straight-leg raising | the doctor observes the patient's ability to raise the legs; part of th evaluation of the central nervous system
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| subarachnoid space | space under the arachnoid membrane, between it and the pia matter
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