Chabner, Language of Medicine 7th ed Chapter 5 Pathology of the Digestive System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
|
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
anorexia | lack of appetite | show 🗑
|
||||||
show | lack of appetite | caused by emotional problems such as anger,anxiety, & fear
🗑
|
||||||
ascites | show | can be a symptom of neoplasm or inflammatory disorders in the abdomen, venous hypertension (high BP) caused by liver disease, and heart failure.
🗑
|
||||||
show | rumbling or gurgling noise produced by movement of gas, fluid, or both in the GI tract | A sign of hyperactive intestinal peristalsis, borborygmi are often present in cases of gastroenteritis & diarrhea
🗑
|
||||||
constipation | difficulty in passing stools (feces) | show 🗑
|
||||||
diarrhea | show | abrupt onset of diarrhea immediately after eating suggests acute infection or toxin in the GI tract. Untreated severe diarrhea may lead to dehydration.
🗑
|
||||||
show | difficulty in swallowing | This sensation occures when a swallowed bolus fails to progress, either because of a physical obstruction or because a motor disorder in which esophageal peristalsis is not properly coordinated.
🗑
|
||||||
odynophagia | painful swallowing | show 🗑
|
||||||
eructation | show | eructation produces a characteristic sound and is also called belching
🗑
|
||||||
flatus | show | flatulence is the presence of excessive gas in both the stomach and the intestines
🗑
|
||||||
hematochezia | passage of bright, fresh, red blood from the rectum | show 🗑
|
||||||
show | yellow-orange coloration of the skin & other tissues caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood | Jaundice can occur in 3 major ways: 1) excessive destruction of erythrocytes as in hemolysis 2) malfunction of liver cells because of liver disease 3) obstruction of bile flow prevents bilirubin in bile from being excreted into the duodenum.
🗑
|
||||||
show | black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood | usually reflects a condition in which blood has had time to be digested and results from bleeding in the upper GI tract ( duodenal ulcer)
🗑
|
||||||
nausea | show | Common causes are sea & motion sickness, and early pregnancy. May be symptomatic of a perforation of an abdominal organ, obstruction of a bile duct, stomach or intestine, or toxins.
🗑
|
||||||
show | fat in the feces, foul-smelling fecal matter | improper digestion or absorption of fat can cause fat to remain in the intestine, this may occur with pancreatitis, also a symptom of intestinal disease that involves malabsorption of fat.
🗑
|
||||||
aphthous stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers | show 🗑
|
||||||
dental caries | show | results from the accumulation of foods, proteins from saliva & necrotic debris on the tooth enamel. Bacteria grow in the plaque, produces acid that dissolves the tooth enamel.
🗑
|
||||||
show | inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpesvirus | marked by painful fluid-filled blisters on skin & mucous membranes called fever blisters or cold sores caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV1)
🗑
|
||||||
show | white patches or plaques on the mucosa of the mouth | precancerous lesion can result from chronic tobacco use.
🗑
|
||||||
periodontal disease | show | result of accumulation of dental plaque and dental calculus or tartar
🗑
|
||||||
show | failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax | results from the loss of peristalsis so food cannot pass easily through the esophagus
🗑
|
||||||
show | swollen, varicose veins in the distal portion of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach | liver disease can casue increased pressure in the veins near and around the liver, which leads to enlarged, tortuous esophageal veins with danger of hemorrhage.
🗑
|
||||||
show | malignant tumor of the stomach | chronic gastritis associated with H. pylori infection is a major risk factor for gastric carcinoma.
🗑
|
||||||
gastroesophaeal reflux disease (GERD) | show | heartburn is the burning sensation caused by regurgitation of HCL from the stomach to the esophagus. Chronic exposure of esophageal mucosa leads to reflux esophagitis.
🗑
|
||||||
hernia | show | A hiatal hernia occurs when the upper part of the stomach protrudes upward through the diaphragm. This condition can lead to GERD
🗑
|
||||||
show | a small loop of bowel protrudes through a weak lower abdominal muscle. | Repair is called a herniorraphy
🗑
|
||||||
peptic ulcer | open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum | show 🗑
|
||||||
anal fistula | show | often results from an abscess (infection) and may or may not open into the rectum.
🗑
|
||||||
anal fissure | show | n/a
🗑
|
||||||
indirect inguinal hernia | show | n/a
🗑
|
||||||
show | polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon | pedunculated (attached to the membrane by a stalk) and sessile (sitting directly on the mucous membrane)
🗑
|
||||||
colorectal cancer | show | can arise from polyps in the colon or rectal region.
🗑
|
||||||
show | chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum & colon) | symptoms include diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, fever, anorexia,weakness, & weight loss. A form of inflammatory bowel disease.
🗑
|
||||||
show | abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall | pouch like herniations through the muscular wall of the colon. Rectal bleeding is the primary symptom.
🗑
|
||||||
dysentery | painful, inflamed intestines | show 🗑
|
||||||
hemorrhoids | swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region | show 🗑
|
||||||
ileus | show | mechanical obstruction of the bowel (adhesions, tumor, or stones) is a cause. Surgery; trauma, or bacterial injury to the peritoneum can lead to paralytic ileus.
🗑
|
||||||
intussusception | telescoping of the intestines | show 🗑
|
||||||
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | group of GI symptoms associated with stress & tension | show 🗑
|
||||||
ulcerative colitis | show | idiopathic, chronic, recurrent diarrheal disease presents with rectal bleeding & pain.
🗑
|
||||||
show | twisting of the intestine upon itself | causes intestinal obstruction. Severe pain, nausea & vomiting and absence of bowel sounds. Surgical correction is necessary to prevent necrosis of the affected segement of bowel.
🗑
|
||||||
cholelithiasis | gallstones in the gallbladder | show 🗑
|
||||||
cirrhosis | chronic degenerative disease of the liver | show 🗑
|
||||||
pancreatitis | show | digestive enzymes attack pancreatic tissue and damage the gland.
🗑
|
||||||
show | inflammation of the liver caused by a virus | Liver enzymes may be elevated, symptoms include malaise, anorexia, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and abdominal pain.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
spicygrits
Popular Medical sets