endocrine system hw organs, hormones, histology
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| hypothalamus | nervous tissue. HORMONES: releasing, inhibiting, antidiuretic, oxytocin
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| releasing hormone | stimulates anterior pituitary gland to RELEASE a hormone
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| inhibiting hormone | stimulates anterior pituitary gland to STOP releasing a hormone
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| antidiuretic hormone ADH | stimulates kidneys to reabsorb h2o and stimulates blood vessles to vasoconstrict -> increases blood pressure
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| oxytocin OT | stimulates uterus to contract (labor), stimulates myoepithelial cells in breast to release milk, stimulates maternal behavior, stimulates prostate gland to release seminal fluid during sex
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| anterior pituitary gland | HORMONES: Follicle stimulating, Luteinizing, Adrenocorticotropic, Thyroid stimulating, Prolactin, Growth Hormone. FLAT PG
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| FSH follicle stimulating | stimulates testes for sperm production and maturation, stimulates ovaries for growth of ovarian follicles (protects egg), stimulates estrogen
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| luteinizing | stimulates testes to secrete testosterone, stimulates ovaries to ovulate and secrete progesterone (pregnancy)
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| posterior pituitary gland posterior pituitary gland | histology: myelinated axons from hypothalamus. RELEASES hormones (doesn't produce): oxytocin and ADH antidiuretic
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| adrenocorticotropic ACTH | stimulates adrenal gland to release cortisol
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| thyroid stimulating TSH | stimulates thyroid to release thyroid hormone (duh)
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| prolactin PRL | stimulates mammary gland to produce milk and stimulates testes to be sensitive to LH (luteinizing h)
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| Growth H GH | stimulates liver to produce insulin-> stimulates growth plate. stimulates protein synthesis and breakdown of fats.
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| thyroid gland | Histology: follicular cells simp cuboidal, secrete thyroid h, colloid fluid in center has thyroid h, parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin. Hormones: Thyroid and Calcitonin
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| T3 T4 thyroid hormone | increases metabolism neccessary for growth, stimulates GH, brain development
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| calcitonin CT | Stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts which decreases blood calcium levels
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| parathyroid gland | histology: principal cells produce PTH, oxyphil cells unknown function. HORMONE: parathyroid H
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| parathyroid hormone PTH | stimulates osteoclasts INCREASES Ca levels, stimulates kidneys to reabsorb Ca, stimulates synthesis of Calcitrol (active form of vitamin D)
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| adrenal cortex | 3 zonas: glomerulosa: bulb cells make mineralocorticoids. fasciculata: cords of lipid rich cells that make glucocorticoids. reticularis: branching cells make gonadocorticoids.
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| cortisol/cortisone/corticosterone: glucocorticoids | cope w stress by stimulating production of glucose from fats. high levels can reduce swelling and inhibit immune system
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| aldosterone: mineralocorticoid | regulates salt levels by stimulating kidneys to reabsorb Na if BP drops
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| androgens: gonadocorticoids | stimulate protein synthesis in sex organ cells
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| adrenal medulla | chromaffin cells that secrete NE and EPI
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| EPI epinephrine and NE norepinephrine | stimulated by sympathetic division of ANS and have longer effects of increased: heart rate, breathing, glucose levels, pupil diameter
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| pancreas | both exocrine and endocrine cells. pancreatic islets with simp cuboidal cells around that secrete digestive enzymes (exocrine). hormones: glucagon and insulin
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| glucagon | increases blood glucose levels during fasting and starvation
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| insulin | decreases blood glucose levels, stimulates body cells to take up glucose
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Created by:
loraeo
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