Peritoneum and Peritoneal reflections
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| What are the ventral mesentery derivatives? | Coronary ligament of liver and its derivatives (i.e. falciform ligament), and the right and left triangular ligaments, the lesser omentum
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| What are the dorsal mesentery deriviatives? | greater omentum (including the lieno-renal and lieno-gastric ligaments), the mesentery of the small intestine, the mesoappendinx, the transverse colon, the sigmoid colon
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| What do the dorsal/ventral mesentery names arise from? | During embryonic development, it indicates the position relative to the gut tube of the mesentery
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| What are the four parts of the primitive gut (rostral to caudal)? | Pharyngeal, foregut, midgut, hindgut
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| What is the foregut? | Portion of the primitive gut that is supplied by the celiac trunk of the aorta
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| What are the foregut structures? | esphagus, stomach (Gaster), 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum, pancreas, liver (Hepar), gall bladder (would also include the spleen, since also supplied by celiac)
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| What branch of the aorta supplies the midgut derivatives? | The superior mesenteric artery
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| What are the midgut derivatives? | 3rd and 4th part of the duodenum, jejunum, ilium, cecum and vermiform appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
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| What branch of the aorta supplies the embryonic hindgut? | Inferior mesenteric artery
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| What are the structures of the hindgut? | distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, and proximal portion of anal canal
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| Describe the rotations of the embryonic gut | Longitudunal and counterclockwise rotation of the embryonic foregut and midgut: 90 degrees longitudunal rotation of the embryonic foregut towards right side; 270 counterclockwise rotation of the embryonic midgut. Caused by differential growth rates
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| Describe the difference between the two layers of the peritoneum: parietal and the visceral layer. | Parietal: contacts the body wall; visceral: contacts the organs and viscera; the space between them is the peritoneal cavity
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| What are the two main types of visceral peritoneum? Describe them | Mesentery: two layers of visceral peritoneum that connect an organ to the body wall. Visceral ligaments (aka omenta): two layers of visceral peritoneum that connect two organs
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| List the four mesenteries and what structures they connect | mesentery: from loops of intestine to body wall; mesoappendinx: from appendix to body wall; transverse colon: from transverse colon to body wall; sigmoid mesocolon: from sigmoid colon to body wall
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| List the visceral ligaments | Greater omentum, lesser omentum, falciform ligament, coronary ligament, gastrosplenic ligament, lienorenal ligament
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| What does the greater omentum connect? | The stomach and the intestine (hence the other name, gastrocolic ligament)
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| What does the lesser omentum connect? | The liver and the stomach / part of the duodenum (hence the other name, the hepatogastric and the hepatoduodenal ligament)
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| What does the falciform ligament connect? | Connects the liver to the posterior abdominal wall; continues superiorly to connect liver to the inferior edge of the diaphragm
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| Where is the coronary ligament? Where is it? What are the right and left triangular ligaments? | It is located superior to the liver; the areas posteriorly where it pinches off to join the parietal peritoneum forms triangulations (right and left triangular ligament)
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| Where is the gastrosplenic ligament? What is it? | Connects the stomach and the spleen
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| What is the linorenal ligament (aka splenoreal)? What other organ is it close to? | Connects the spleen to the left kidney; the tail of the pancreas pushes slightly into it.
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| What is the lesser sac or omental bursa? Where is it? | Communicate with each other via the epiploic foramen (Foramen of Winslow); it is anterior to the lesser omentum (pocket formed by space between stomach and liver)
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| Where is the greater sac / omental bursa? | It is located anteriorly in the abdominal cavity ("in front" of intestines)?
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| How do the greater and the lesser sacs communicate with each other? | Via the epiploic foramen (aka foramen of winslow)
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| How is the lesser sac formed? | By the right side rotation of the live and stomach
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| What are the intraperitoneal structures? | structures suspended in the peritoneal cavity by mesentery: stomach, spleen, pancreas (tail), liver, gallblad., duodenum (1st part), small intestines from duodenal-jejunal flexure to ileocecal junction, cecum and appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon
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| What are the retroperitoneal structures? | Structures that are outside of the peritoneal cavity: kidneys, aorta and IVC, anal canal, urinary bladder
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| What are the secondary retroperitoneal structures | Areas that began as intraperitoneal structures but lost their coverings: duodenum (2nd, 3rd, and 4th parts), pancreas (head and body), liver (bare area), ascending colon, descending colon, rectum
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