Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

T Year Revision

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
STI advice to 2 HIV+ve partners   use protection, ie condoms  
🗑
HIV with eye problems   CMV/ Herpes  
🗑
HIV detection window is   6-12 weeks (test 3 months after last possible infection encounter)  
🗑
HIV opportunistic infections p/c encephalitis think what pathogen   toxoplasmo gondii  
🗑
HIV p/c Weight loss, abdo pain, night sweats, diarrhoea think what bacteria   disseminated mycobateria avium  
🗑
HIV p/c meningeal signs think what infectious agent   cryptococcal meningitis  
🗑
HIV white patches on tongue (peelable)   candida  
🗑
HIV white patches on tongue (non peelable)   oral hairy leukoplakia  
🗑
HIV To test pt for HIV you will need to get/give   discussion (benefits) + informed consent (no counseling needed)  
🗑
2/3/4 day peaking fever, rigors, chills, icteric, abdo pain, vomit, confusion, recent travel   Malaria  
🗑
Rifampicin SE’s (2)   hepatotoxic + orange fluids  
🗑
Isoniazid SE (2)   hepatotoxic + peripheral neuropathy  
🗑
Pyrazinamide SE   hepatotoxic  
🗑
Ethanbutol SE   toxic optic neuropathy (esp. colour vision)  
🗑
TB medication, non compliance an issue? Rx Protocol to suggest?   Directly Observed Therapy  
🗑
Hepatosplenomegaly + green pea soup diarrhoea   typhoid  
🗑
75% 90% UTIs caused by   eColi  
🗑
Opportunistic Pathogen associated with CF   pseudomonas aeruoginosa  
🗑
Organism causing infected gold crusty skin   staph aureus  
🗑
Meningitis cause in adults in developed countries (2)   strep pneumoniae or neisseria meningitis  
🗑
Cause of most hospital acquired diarrhoea (agent and risk factor)   cDiff after ABx therapy  
🗑
Metronidazole C/I with what   ETOH  
🗑
Fluclox can cause what   cholestatic jaundice  
🗑
ABx that inhibit breakdown of Warfarin (3)   Metronidazole, Ciprofloxacin, Clarithromycin  
🗑
Vancomycin given too quickly causes   itchy, red rash on face and chest (angry red van man)  
🗑
Uncomplicated UTI ABx Rx   Trimethoprim  
🗑
MSRA ABx first line Rx   Vancomycin  
🗑
C diff ABx Rx (3)   Oral Met >Oral Vanc >IV Met  
🗑
Prophylactic ABx for clean surgery   cefuroxime  
🗑
Atypical pneumonia ABx Rx   erythromycin  
🗑
Dysphagia with liquids and solids, no reflux, regurgitates recently eaten food   achalasia  
🗑
Achalasia Ix   barium swallow (rat’s tail)  
🗑
Retrosternal pain, no loss of appetite, inflammation and irritation of oesophagus   bisphosphonates Rx  
🗑
Diarrhoea in elderly or immunocompromised requires   hospital admission  
🗑
Epigastric pain with nausea with sweating + some CV risk factors   rule out cardio first when have CV risk factors eg. Fat, smokes  
🗑
Worsening reflux, persistent or unexplained dyspepsia >55yr +/- ALARM symptoms next step is   urgent endoscopy  
🗑
What are GI ALARMS symptoms?   A anemia L loss of weight A anorexia R recent onset of symptoms M malena or haematemesis S swallow difficulties  
🗑
Cause of dysphagia + coughing (difficult making swallowing movement)   bulbarpalsy (can result from rapid correction of hyponatraemia)  
🗑
Neck bulges on drinking   oesophageal pouch  
🗑
Intermittent retrosternal pain   oesophageal spasm  
🗑
Regurgitation of undigested food + dysphagia for liquid & solid   motility problem (achalasia) rather than mechanical (stricture)  
🗑
Achalasia Ix   barium swallow  
🗑
Progressive difficulty swallowing + Hoarse voice, (smoking)   Ca Oeso  
🗑
Rip-roaring central chest pain, may feel like MI, dysphagia, regurgitation   oesophageal spasm  
🗑
oesophageal spasm Ix & pathog sign   barium swallow (corkscrew oesophagus)  
🗑
Alternating diarrhoea & constipation + stress   IBS  
🗑
Alternating diarrhoea & constipation + mucus, tenesmus   Ca  
🗑
Alternating diarrhoea & constipation + abdo pain, diarrhoea, conjunctivitis, arthritis   IBD  
🗑
IBD Ix   sigmoidoscope  
🗑
steatorrhoea   pancreatitis  
🗑
unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, no billi in urine, generally asymptomatic   Gilbert’s  
🗑
unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia, p/c neonatally   Crigler-Najjar (needs liver transplant)  
🗑
conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia + bili in urine   Rotor Syndrome  
🗑
Liver failure + odd behaviour   hepatic encephalopathy (Rx bowel cleansing c lactulose)  
🗑
Long term steroids + malaena + hypotension   high chance of bleeding ulcer  
🗑
Intense prolonged vomiting   Mallory Wiess tear  
🗑
Terminal Illeum resection requires what Rx   B12 supplementation  
🗑
Child Pugh score (which grades cirrhosis + risk of variceal bleeding) requires what   Billi + Albumin + Prothrombin time + grades for ascites and encephalopathy  
🗑
Ascites Rx   IN (fingers) OUT (fluid ascitic tap) SCAN (liver/abdo)  
🗑
H pylori eradication Rx   1 month triple therapy amoxicillin, metronidazole, PPI; (unless alcoholic, don’t give metro give clarithromycin)  
🗑
Pre endoscopy preparation   No PPI, No H2 antagonists, arginate antacid for symptom relief  
🗑
Symptoms of Systemic inflammatory response (eg. febrile neutropoenia) and Rx   T>38, HR >90, Rx is broad spectrum ABx before cultures as urgent  
🗑
Chronic alcoholic admitted Rx   give pabrinex (as thiamine deficient + vits B & C) before IV dextrose  
🗑
NG tube, how do u check placement   pH check of aspirate, should be <6  
🗑
Any unexplained iron deficient man Hb <11 Rx   urgent referral to rule out Ca  
🗑
Rx To reduce portal hypertension   terlipressin  
🗑
PR bleeding in >60yrs >6 weeks, next management step   2 week referral  
🗑
Refeeding syndrome is and therefore causes   body reverts back to carb metabolism from fat→ produces insulin which requires increased glycogen, fat and protein synthesis →uses up phosphate, mg and K → electrolyte imbalance→main problem is cardiac arrythmias, confusion, coma  
🗑
Palpable gall bladder + jaundice + No pain   NOT gall stones (Courvoisier’s Law)  
🗑
Palpable ball bladder which illicits pain + no jaundice is suggestive of   cholecystitis/Choledocholithiasis (gallstones in the common bile duct)  
🗑
Rib fracture Pain produced with attempts to sleeping on...?   one's back  
🗑
Tetanus sign   Risus sardonicus (sustained spasm of the facial muscles, grinning)  
🗑
Typhoid fever sign   Rose spots in abdomen (small red spots on the belly and chest)  
🗑
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy   Gower’s sign (inability to rise off floor without using upper extremities)  
🗑
Slapped-cheek appearance   Erythema infectiosum (aka Fifth disease) (infection by erythrovirus aka parvovirus B19)  
🗑
Loss of central vision   Age-related macular degeneration  
🗑
Spiderlike extremities, long and hypermobile hands and feet   Marfan’s syndrome  
🗑
distal paresthesia elicited by tapping the median nerve on the wrist   Carpal tunnel syndrome (Tinel’s sign)  
🗑
whitish/grayish discoloration of the pupil with light shone in eye   Retinoblastoma sign (Leukocoria)  
🗑
Heavy sensation in the testicles   Testicular cancer  
🗑
Barking cough   Pertussis  
🗑
Slight rubbing of skin exfoliates outermost layer (in absence of burns or bacterial infection)   (Nikolsky’s Sign) Pemphingus  
🗑
Rusty Sputum   Pneumococcal Pneumonia  
🗑
Very Sharp angle in spine   Potts’ Disease, is gibbus formation a presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculous spondylitis  
🗑
Pink Frothy Sputum   Pulmonary Oedema  
🗑
Hydrophobia, production of large quantities of saliva and tears coupled with inability to speak or swallow   Rabies, (typical during the later stages of the disease)  
🗑
Low-grade afternoon fever   Pulmonary TB  
🗑
wheezing on expiration   Asthma  
🗑
barrel chest   Emphysema  
🗑
strawberry tongue   Kawasaki Syndrome  
🗑
red beefy tongue   Pernicious Anemia  
🗑
protruding tongue   Down’s  
🗑
rice watery diarrhoea   Cholera  
🗑
sore throat, low fever and adherent membrane on tonsils, pharynx   (pseudo membrane) formation  
🗑
cough, fever and runny nose and red eyes, white lesions on buccal mucosa   Measles p/c with the three Cs—cough, coryza (runny nose) and conjunctivitis (koplik’s spots in mouth don’t always appear, but presence is pathognomonic)  
🗑
pt p/c with malar, what Ix would help make a dx   the butterfly/malar rash is not found in all SLE sufferers, detecting ANA is a positive for auto-antibodies and thus an autoimmune pathology only  
🗑
lioning face   Leprosy  
🗑
Bulimia   chipmunk face  
🗑
Dengue   petechiae or (+) Herman’s sign  
🗑
Meningitis   Kernig’s sign (leg pain), Brudzinski sign (neck pain) this is stupid one really….  
🗑
Tetany   Hypocalcaemia (+) Trousseau’s sign/carpopedal spasm; Chvostek sign (facial spasm)  
🗑
Pancreatitis signs   Cullen’s sign (ecchymosis of umbilicus); (+) Grey turners spots  
🗑
olive like mass in epigastric region   Pyloric Stenosis  
🗑
machine like murmur, what pathology?   Patent DA  
🗑
Addisons   bronze like skin pigmentation  
🗑
Cushings Syndrome   moon face appearance and buffalo hump  
🗑
Graves   exopthalmus  
🗑
Intussusception   sausage shaped mass  
🗑
Cytomegalovirus infection   Owl's eye appearance of inclusion bodies[1][2]  
🗑
Inclusion body myositis   Filamentous material seen in inclusion bodies under electron microscopy  
🗑
Bulimia Nervosa   Chipmunk facies (parotid gland swelling) (Chipmunk facies also seen in marrow expansion secondary to Beta Thalassemia Major)  
🗑
Leprosy   Leonine facies (thickened lion-like facial skin)  
🗑
Chronic hemorrhagic pancreatitis   Grey-Turner's sign (ecchymosis in flank area)  
🗑
Pleural Effusion   Stony-dull percussion  
🗑
Parkinson's disease   Pill-rolling tremors  
🗑
Blood film shows Auer rods   Acute Myeloid Leukemia  
🗑
Multiple Sclerosis   Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia  
🗑
Congestive heart failure   Third heart sound  
🗑
Pericarditis   Pericardial friction rub, pain eases with NSAIDs and leaning forward  
🗑
Neurofibromatosis I   Plexiform neurofibroma  
🗑
Hodgkin's lymphoma   Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells (giant mono- and multinucleated cells)  
🗑
Pyelonephritis   White blood cell casts  
🗑
Rheumatic fever   Aschoff nodules  
🗑
Lyme Disease   Bullseye Rash  
🗑
Urothelial (bladder/UTI) carcinoma   Dyes/rubber manufacture + Painless haematuria + Thick bladder wall  
🗑
Causes of Clubbing GI (name 4)   IBD (esp. Crohns), Cirrhosis, GI Lymphoma, Malabsorption (think infection, inflammation, neoplasm)  
🗑
Causes of Clubbing CV (name 3)   Atrial Myxoma, Cyanotic Heart Disease, Endocarditis, (ACE) (think infection, inflammation, neoplasm)  
🗑
Causes of Clubbing Thoracic (name)   Abscess, Bronchiectasis, CF/CFA/Any fibrosis, Emphyema, Mesothelioma (think infection, inflammation, neoplasm)  
🗑
Spoon shape + brittle nails (name and cause)   Koilynichia, iron deficiency  
🗑
Whitening of the entire nail (name and cause)   Leukonychia totalis may be due to hypoalbuminaemia (from nephrotic syndrome, liver failure, protein malabsorption and protein-losing enteropathies)  
🗑
paronychia is   tender bacterial or fungal hand infection or foot infection where the nail and skin meet at the side or the base of a finger or toenail  
🗑
contracture of the palmar aponeurosis mostly affecting ring & little finger (called and causes)   Dupuytren's contracture, unproven causes include trauma, diabetes, alcoholism, epilepsy therapy with phenytoin and liver disease  
🗑
Mouth Ulcers (some common causes)   vit defic, poor diet, malignancies, Crohns, UC, Coeliac, Behcet’s SLE  
🗑
Gingivitis (common associations)   gingival hyperplasia from CML, anticonvulsants, CCBs, Vit D defic, Sarcoid, Wegener’s  
🗑
Common Hand Nodes, their location and association   Heberden's nodes, are hard, bony outgrowths on DIPs, Bouchard's nodes are similar growths on the PIPs generally less common than Heberden’s  
🗑
lymph node in the left supraclavicular fossa   (Virchow’s Node/Troisier’s Sign): strongly indicative of cancer in abdomen, specifically gastric cancer, differentials include lymphoma, breast cancer, infection (e.g. arm)  
🗑
ECG presentation of Digoxin   reversed tick (after QRS complex, leading into T wave) NOT necessarily a pathology  
🗑
central red spot and reddish extensions which radiate outwards on face, neck and upper trunk (name and common associations)   Spider Naevi/angiomas: often benign, present 10/15% healthy, refill from centre, caused by incr estrogen levels, pregnant women, hormonal contraception, hepatic disease (liver cant detoxify estrogen from blood, 33% cirrhotics exhibit SN)  
🗑
Bifid or wide P waves on an ECG, what could be the cause   dilated atrium, possibly from  
🗑
Describe SLE, classic presentations, high risk group and Rx   Generalised disorder affect any system,commonly women 15-45, Symptoms/signs accumulate over time (fatigue, fever, weight loss, arthralgia/arthritis, Raynaud’s +more), Rx NSAIDs, hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids  
🗑
What Ix is used for Wegener’s   ANCA  
🗑
What Ix is used for Goodpastures, but what sign would you expect to be suggestive before you test   Anti GBM Ab+lung haemorrhages: GPs major cause of pulm renal synd: AutoAB to type IV collagen found in lung and basement membrane of glomeruli leads to pathology in both organs  
🗑
Indications for surgery on a AAA   AAA >5.5cm diameter, Rapid AAA enlargement (>1cm/yr), Symptomatic AAA of any size  
🗑
Rx of AAA   ABC, O2, 2x large bore cannula, CT, permissive hypotension (<100), surgery pronto  
🗑
6 P’s of critical limb ischaemia   pain, pallor, parasthesiae, pulselessness, perishingly cold, paralysis, Critical Ischaemia, but really: rest pain >2/52 +/- tissue loss, night pain  
🗑
Diagnosing DM from fasting BG requires   one test>7.1  
🗑
Diagnosing DM from random BG requires   one test>11.1+symptoms OR 2 tests>11.1 with no symptoms  
🗑
Pt p/c with small but deep ulcer on toe in great pain, what is its cause and Rx   Arterial ulcer, Rx is improve arterial blood supply  
🗑
Pt p/c with large but shallow and painless ulcer with irregular edges with sloughing on the gaiter region, what is the cause and the Rx   Venous ulcer, Rx is elevation and compression  
🗑
14 yr old boy p/c with swollen and discoloured left testicle after a football tackle 1 hour previously, it appears higher than the right and has an absent cremasteric reflex, what is the next management step?   USS can be used within 4 hours of a testicular torsion to help confirm a dx, presentations after 4 hours must have surgical exploration  
🗑
Pt: man who recently retired from industrial dye manufacturing, his history reveals that he has never smoked and has no family history of GI problems p/c with painless haematuria, what is your leading differential?   Rubber and dyes is med exam pathognomic for urothelial carcinoma (aka transitional cell carcinoma)  
🗑
diabetic woman 40yr p/c epigastric pain after a huge curry +several beers, lasted for an hour, thinks she had an MI. Hx and examination reveals she is on COCP, CXR clear, FBC+LFTs are normal, what is dx and next appropriate Ix?   Abdo USS. Gallstones don’t show up on XR because they don’t contain Calcium unlike Renal calculi, NOT all renal stones show up though. Will Probably need her gallbladder out.  
🗑
Pregnant women with suspected PE, what’s your Rx and Ix?   ABC, 100% O2, heparin but Warfarin C/I in pregnancy, CTPA not ideal for confirming the diagnosis…not sure about this.  
🗑
Virchow's triad describes   three broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to thrombosis: Hypercoagulability, Hemodynamic changes (stasis, turbulence), Endothelial injury/dysfunction  
🗑
5 most common Ca that spreads to bone   Prostate, Kidney, Breast, Lung, Thyroid  
🗑
23 yr man p/c 8/12 hx fatigue, sleep disturbance, progressively worse back pain, morning stiffness which improves over day and NSAIDs, o/e tender sacroiliac joints, red itchy eyes. First Ix to help with dx?   Pelvic XR to investigate Sacroiliitis in suspected Ankylosing Spondylitis, may take years to develop, so normal pelvic x-ray does not exclude the dx  
🗑
72yr man p/c incr fatigue, generalised bone pain, Hx of alcoholism, lactose intolerance, vertebral compression fracture 1yr ago, housebound, o/e tenderness of legs+arms, proximal muscle weakness, waddling gait. 1st Ix, expected results+Rx?   Old age, general bone pain (osteoporosis generally specific to weak areas) +Hx suggests suspected osteomalacia,. Rx first line is Calcium+Vit D  
🗑
55yr man p/c persistently aching legs, initially diagnosed with fibromyalgia, blood tests reveal elevated ALP + x-ray of tibia/fibia shows defects in cortical and cancellous bone, with degree of tibial bowing. Whats new dx?   Paget’s is incr bone resorp+disorganized remodel, longbone/skull deform, often asymptom, diag. incidental x-ray or elevated ALP (biliary, bone, bowel, kidney), neuro signs: skull remodeling,also fracture,heart failure,rx bisphos incr osteoclast apoptosis  
🗑
43yr woman p/c chronic r hip and anterior thigh pain, increased localised temperature, lately needs walking stick. Last 6 months her relatives noticed a progressive hearing loss on left side, facial changes, enlargement of mandible. What’s the dx?   Paget’s is incr bone resorp+disorganized remodel, longbone/skull deform, often asymptom, diag. incidental x-ray or elevated ALP (biliary, bone, bowel, kidney), neuro signs: skull remodeling,also fracture,heart failure,rx bisphos incr osteoclast apoptosis  
🗑
Bone biopsy of elderly asian woman finds decreased rate of bone turnover with excessive unmineralised osteoid, what is probable dx?   Osteomalacia, biopsy is normal in osteoporosis  
🗑
What are the Ix differences btw osteoporosis and osteomalacia?   Osteomalacia difficult to discriminate clinically from other osteopenias (osteoporosis, osteitis fibrosa, Paget's) however, biochemically in osteomalacia mineralisation is reduced  
🗑
Why would u want to avoid Diclofenac in the elderly?   causes renal failure  
🗑
An atopic person produces lots of what?   IgE  
🗑
What do IgE Abs do in relation to allergy?   Bind to mast cells  
🗑
What test determines whether an anaphylaxis has occurred?   Tryptase, which is released when mast cells degranulate  
🗑
AMTS Aide Memoire   Old Timers Remember Places for Years & People’s Birthdays while Monarchs start wars, Count Down and Recall their previous Addresses  
🗑
After inserting a catheter, the FY1 fails to replace the foreskin of the pt, what possible complication might this create?   paraphimosis: if foreskin is left retracted for long period, some foreskin tissue may become edematous and reduction of foreskin difficult  
🗑
After inserting a catheter, what observation should be made?   What fluid comes out, how much, colour, blood etc.  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…Alpha-fetoprotein   hepatocellular carcinoma, testicular tumours  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…Beta-HCG   choriocarcinoma, testicular tumours (detects pregnancy!)  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…CA 125   ovarian carcinoma  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…CA 15-3   breast cancer  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…CA 19-9   pancreatic cancer, biliary tract malignancy  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…Calcitonin   medullary thyroid cancer  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…Carcinoembryonic antigen   colorectal tumours  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…Monoclonal IgG (paraprotein)   multiple myeloma  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…Neurone specific enolase   small cell lung cancer  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…Placental alkaline phosphatase   ovarian carcinoma, testicular tumours  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…Prostate specific antigen   prostate cancer  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…S-100   malignant melanoma  
🗑
This tumour marker is associated with…Thyroglobulin   thyroid tumours  
🗑
What signs are of hyperthyroidism only occur with Grave’s?   Proptosis (bulging eyes), chemosis (swelling & ulceration of the conjunctiva) opthalmoplegia, acropatchy (pseudo-clubbing), pretibial myxoedema  
🗑
Presence of a thyroid bruit is a very sensistive clinical sign of what?   thyrotoxicosis  
🗑
What blood type can someone with type A receive in a transfusion?   A (Surface Antigen)(Plasma Antibodies to B) so receive A or O  
🗑
What blood type can someone with type B receive in a transfusion?   B (Surface Antigen)(Plasma Antibodies to A) so receive B or O  
🗑
What blood type can someone with type AB receive in a transfusion?   AB (Surface Antigen A and B)(NO Plasma Antibodies) so receive A, B, AB or O  
🗑
What blood type can someone with type O receive in a transfusion?   O (NO Surface Antigen)(Plasma Antibodies to A and B) so only receive O  
🗑
What does the CAGE questionnaire letters stand for   Thought about Cutting down? A Angy when critisised about drinking?, Guilty about drinking?, Eye opener in the morning?  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: alski
Popular Medical sets