HN A + P
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| anatomy | study of structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
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| physiology | study of function of body's structural machinery
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| regional | all structures in 1 part of body(such as abdomen or leg)
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| systemic | gross anatomy of body studied by system
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| surface | study of internal structures asd they relate to overlying skin
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| cytology | study of cell
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| histology | study of tissues
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| developmental anatomy | traces structural changes throughout life
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| embryology | study of developmental changes of body before birth
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| pathological anatomy | study of structural changes caused by disease
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| radiographic anatomy | study of internal structures visualized by Xray
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| molecular biology | study of anatomical structures at a subcellular level
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| physiology | considers operation of specific organ systems
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| renal | kidney function
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| neurophysiology | workings of nervous system
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| cardiovascular | operation of heart and blood vessels
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| chemical | atoms combine to form molecules
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| cellular | cells are made of molecules
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| tissue | consists of similar types of cells
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| organ | made up of diff types of tissues
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| organ system | consists of diff organs that work closely together
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| organismal | made up of organ systems
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| integumentary system | forms external body covering
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| integumentary system2 | composed of skin,sweat glands, oil glands,hair, and nails
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| integumentary system3 | protects deep tissues from injury and synthesizes vitamin D
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| skeletal system | composed of bone, cartilage, and ligaments
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| skeletal system2 | protects and supports body organs
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| skeletal system3 | provides framework for muscles
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| skeletal system4 | site of blood cell formation and stores minerals
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| muscular system | composed of muscle and tendons
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| muscular system2 | allows mainpulation of envir.,locomotion, and facial expression
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| muscular system3 | maintains posture and produces heat
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| nervous system | composed of brain,spinal column, and nerves
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| nervous system2 | is fast-acting control system of body
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| nervous system3 | responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands
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| cardiovascular system | composed of heart and blood vessels
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| cardiovascular system2 | heart pumps blood
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| cardiovascular system3 | blood vessels transport blood throughout
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| lymphatic system | composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen,lymph nodes, and lympathic vessels
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| lymphatic system2 | picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood
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| lymphatic system3 | disposes of debris in the lyphatic stream and houses white blood cells involved with immunity
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| Respiratory system | composed of nasal cavity,pharynx,trachea,bronchi ,and lungs
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| respiratory system2 | keeps blood supplied with oxygen and remove CO2
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| digestive system | composed of oral cavity,esophagus,stomach,small intestine,large intestine,rectum,anus,and liver
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| digestive system2 | breaks down food into absorbable units that enter blood
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| digestive system3 | eliminates idegstible foodstuffs as feces
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| urinary system | composed of kidneys,ureters,urinary bladder,and urethra
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| urinary system2 | eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body
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| urinary system3 | regulates water,electrolyte,and pH balance of blood
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| male reproductive system | composed of prostate gland,penis,testtes,scrotum,and ductus deferems
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| male reproductive system2 | main function is production of offspring
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| male reproductive system3 | testes produce sperm and male sex hormones
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| male reproductive system4 | ducts and glands deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract
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| female reproductive system | composed of mummary glands,ovaries,uterine tubes,uterus,and vagina
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| female reproductive system2 | main function= production of offspring
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| female reproductive system3 | ovaries produce eggs and female hormones
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| female reproductive system4 | remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and dev. of fetus
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| female reproductive system5 | mammary glands produce milk to nourish newborn
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| maintaing boundaries | the internal envir. remains distinct from external
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| cellular level(maintaining boundaries) | accomplish by plasma membranes
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| organismal level(maintaining boundaries) | accomplish by skin
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| movement | locomotion, propulsion(peristalsis), and contractility
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| responsiveness | ability to sense changes in envir. and respond to them
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| digestion | breakdown of ingested foodstuffs
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| metabolism | all cjem reactions that occur in body
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| excretion | removal of wastes from body
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| cellular(reproduction) | original cell divides and produce 2 identical daughter cells
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| organismal(reproduction) | sperm and egg unite to make a whole new person
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| growth | increase in size of body part or organism
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| nutrients | chem substance used for energy and cell building
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| oxygen | needed for metabolic reactions
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| water | provides necessary envir for chem reactions
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| maintaining normal body temp | necessary for chem reactions to occur at life sustaining rates
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| atomspheric pressure | require for proper breathing and gas exchange in lungs
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| homeostasis | ability to maintain a relatively stab;e internal envir in an ever-changing outside world
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| receptor | monitors envir.s and responds to changes(stimuli)
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| control center | determines set point at which variable is maintained
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| effector | provides means to respond to stimulus
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| neg feedback system | output shuts off original stimulus
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| pos feedback system | output enhances or exaggerates original stimulus
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| superior and inferior | toward and away from head,respectively
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| anterior and posterior | toward front and back of body
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| medial,lateral,and intermediate | toward midline, away from midline, and b/t more medial and lateral structure
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| proximal and dismal | closer to and farther from origin of body
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| superficial and deep | toward and away from body surface
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| axial | head,neck,and trunk
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| appendiculare | appendages or limbs
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| sagittal | divides body into right and left parts
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| midagittal or medial | sagittal plane that lies on midline
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| frontal or coronal | divides body into anterior and inferior parts
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| transverse or horizontal | cross section, divides body into superiot and inferior parts
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| oblique section | cuts made diagonally
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| dorsal cavity | protects nervous system and is divided into 2 subdivisions
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| cranial cavity | within skull and encases brain
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| vertebral cavity | runs within vertebral column and encases spinal cord
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| ventral cavity | houses internal organs(viscera) and is divided into subdivisions: thoraic and abdominopelvic
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| thoraic cavity | subdivided into pleural cavitites, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity
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| pleural cavitites | each houses a lung
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| mediastinum | contains pericardial cavity and surrounds remaining thoraic organs
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| pericardial cavity | encloses heart
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| abdominopelvic cavity | seperated from superior thoraic cavity by dome shaped diaphragm
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| abdominal cavity | contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
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| pelvic cavity | lies within pelvis and contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
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| parietal serosa | lines internal body walls
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| visceral serosa | covers internal organs
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| serous fluid | separates serosae
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| oral and digestive | mouth and cavities of digestive organs
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| nasal | located within and posterior to nose
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| orbital | house eyes
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| middle ear | contains bones(ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations
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| synovial | joint cavities
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