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Ch.1
HN A + P
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anatomy | study of structure of body parts and their relationship to one another |
| physiology | study of function of body's structural machinery |
| regional | all structures in 1 part of body(such as abdomen or leg) |
| systemic | gross anatomy of body studied by system |
| surface | study of internal structures asd they relate to overlying skin |
| cytology | study of cell |
| histology | study of tissues |
| developmental anatomy | traces structural changes throughout life |
| embryology | study of developmental changes of body before birth |
| pathological anatomy | study of structural changes caused by disease |
| radiographic anatomy | study of internal structures visualized by Xray |
| molecular biology | study of anatomical structures at a subcellular level |
| physiology | considers operation of specific organ systems |
| renal | kidney function |
| neurophysiology | workings of nervous system |
| cardiovascular | operation of heart and blood vessels |
| chemical | atoms combine to form molecules |
| cellular | cells are made of molecules |
| tissue | consists of similar types of cells |
| organ | made up of diff types of tissues |
| organ system | consists of diff organs that work closely together |
| organismal | made up of organ systems |
| integumentary system | forms external body covering |
| integumentary system2 | composed of skin,sweat glands, oil glands,hair, and nails |
| integumentary system3 | protects deep tissues from injury and synthesizes vitamin D |
| skeletal system | composed of bone, cartilage, and ligaments |
| skeletal system2 | protects and supports body organs |
| skeletal system3 | provides framework for muscles |
| skeletal system4 | site of blood cell formation and stores minerals |
| muscular system | composed of muscle and tendons |
| muscular system2 | allows mainpulation of envir.,locomotion, and facial expression |
| muscular system3 | maintains posture and produces heat |
| nervous system | composed of brain,spinal column, and nerves |
| nervous system2 | is fast-acting control system of body |
| nervous system3 | responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands |
| cardiovascular system | composed of heart and blood vessels |
| cardiovascular system2 | heart pumps blood |
| cardiovascular system3 | blood vessels transport blood throughout |
| lymphatic system | composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen,lymph nodes, and lympathic vessels |
| lymphatic system2 | picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood |
| lymphatic system3 | disposes of debris in the lyphatic stream and houses white blood cells involved with immunity |
| Respiratory system | composed of nasal cavity,pharynx,trachea,bronchi ,and lungs |
| respiratory system2 | keeps blood supplied with oxygen and remove CO2 |
| digestive system | composed of oral cavity,esophagus,stomach,small intestine,large intestine,rectum,anus,and liver |
| digestive system2 | breaks down food into absorbable units that enter blood |
| digestive system3 | eliminates idegstible foodstuffs as feces |
| urinary system | composed of kidneys,ureters,urinary bladder,and urethra |
| urinary system2 | eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body |
| urinary system3 | regulates water,electrolyte,and pH balance of blood |
| male reproductive system | composed of prostate gland,penis,testtes,scrotum,and ductus deferems |
| male reproductive system2 | main function is production of offspring |
| male reproductive system3 | testes produce sperm and male sex hormones |
| male reproductive system4 | ducts and glands deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract |
| female reproductive system | composed of mummary glands,ovaries,uterine tubes,uterus,and vagina |
| female reproductive system2 | main function= production of offspring |
| female reproductive system3 | ovaries produce eggs and female hormones |
| female reproductive system4 | remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and dev. of fetus |
| female reproductive system5 | mammary glands produce milk to nourish newborn |
| maintaing boundaries | the internal envir. remains distinct from external |
| cellular level(maintaining boundaries) | accomplish by plasma membranes |
| organismal level(maintaining boundaries) | accomplish by skin |
| movement | locomotion, propulsion(peristalsis), and contractility |
| responsiveness | ability to sense changes in envir. and respond to them |
| digestion | breakdown of ingested foodstuffs |
| metabolism | all cjem reactions that occur in body |
| excretion | removal of wastes from body |
| cellular(reproduction) | original cell divides and produce 2 identical daughter cells |
| organismal(reproduction) | sperm and egg unite to make a whole new person |
| growth | increase in size of body part or organism |
| nutrients | chem substance used for energy and cell building |
| oxygen | needed for metabolic reactions |
| water | provides necessary envir for chem reactions |
| maintaining normal body temp | necessary for chem reactions to occur at life sustaining rates |
| atomspheric pressure | require for proper breathing and gas exchange in lungs |
| homeostasis | ability to maintain a relatively stab;e internal envir in an ever-changing outside world |
| receptor | monitors envir.s and responds to changes(stimuli) |
| control center | determines set point at which variable is maintained |
| effector | provides means to respond to stimulus |
| neg feedback system | output shuts off original stimulus |
| pos feedback system | output enhances or exaggerates original stimulus |
| superior and inferior | toward and away from head,respectively |
| anterior and posterior | toward front and back of body |
| medial,lateral,and intermediate | toward midline, away from midline, and b/t more medial and lateral structure |
| proximal and dismal | closer to and farther from origin of body |
| superficial and deep | toward and away from body surface |
| axial | head,neck,and trunk |
| appendiculare | appendages or limbs |
| sagittal | divides body into right and left parts |
| midagittal or medial | sagittal plane that lies on midline |
| frontal or coronal | divides body into anterior and inferior parts |
| transverse or horizontal | cross section, divides body into superiot and inferior parts |
| oblique section | cuts made diagonally |
| dorsal cavity | protects nervous system and is divided into 2 subdivisions |
| cranial cavity | within skull and encases brain |
| vertebral cavity | runs within vertebral column and encases spinal cord |
| ventral cavity | houses internal organs(viscera) and is divided into subdivisions: thoraic and abdominopelvic |
| thoraic cavity | subdivided into pleural cavitites, mediastinum, and pericardial cavity |
| pleural cavitites | each houses a lung |
| mediastinum | contains pericardial cavity and surrounds remaining thoraic organs |
| pericardial cavity | encloses heart |
| abdominopelvic cavity | seperated from superior thoraic cavity by dome shaped diaphragm |
| abdominal cavity | contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs |
| pelvic cavity | lies within pelvis and contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum |
| parietal serosa | lines internal body walls |
| visceral serosa | covers internal organs |
| serous fluid | separates serosae |
| oral and digestive | mouth and cavities of digestive organs |
| nasal | located within and posterior to nose |
| orbital | house eyes |
| middle ear | contains bones(ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations |
| synovial | joint cavities |
Created by:
NightKhaki
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