LOM Ch 11 - Cardiovascular system
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| angiogram | record (x-ray) of a blood vessel
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| angioplasty | surgical repair of a blood vessel
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| aortic stenosis | narrowing of the aorta
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries
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| arterial anastomosis | surgical connection between arteries
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| arteriography | process of recording (x-ray) arteries after injecting contrast material
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| endarterectomy | removal of the inner lining of the artery (when it is filled with plaque)
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| atheroma | collection of fatty material in an artery
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| atrial | pertaining to an upper chamber of the heart
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| atrioventricular | pertaining to an atrium and ventricle (upper and lower chambers of the heart)
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| brachial artery | artery that branches from the aorta to bring blood to the arm
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| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart
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| cardiomyopathy | disease of heart muscle
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| bradycardia | condition of slow heartbeat
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| tachycardia | condition of fast heartbeat
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| hypercholesterolemia | condition of excessive cholesterol in the blood
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| coronary arteries | arteries branch from the aorta to bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
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| cyanosis | abnormal condition of bluish discoloration due to poor oxygenation of blood
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| myxoma | benign tumor of the heart. The tumor is embedded in soft mucoid stromal tissue
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| hypoxia | condition of decreased oxygen in inspired air; as occurs in high altitudes
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| pericardiocentesis | surgical puncture of the membrane surrounding the heart (to remove fluid)
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| phlebotomy | incision of vein
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| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein with clots
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| arrythmia | arrhythmia and dysrhythmia are used to describe abnormal heart rhythm
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| sphygmomanometer | instrument used to measure blood pressure
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| stethoscope | instrument to examine the chest
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| thrombolysis | destruction of clots
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| valvuloplasty | surgical repair of a valve
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| mitral valvulitis | inflammation of the mitral valve
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| valvotomy | incision of a valve
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| vasoconstriction | narrowing of vessels
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| vasodilation | widening of vessels
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| vascular | pertaining to blood vessels
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| venous | pertaining to veins
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| venipuncture | incision of a vein for phlebotomy or to start an intravenous infusion
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| interventricular septum | the wall separating the ventricles of the heart (lower chambers)
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| anoxia | without oxygen
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| aorta | largest artery in the body
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| arteriole | Small artery
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| artery | Largest type of blood vessel; carries blood away from the heart to all parts of the body
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| atherectomy | Removal of a fatty mass in a vessel
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| atherosclerosis | Hardening of arteries with deposit of fatty substance
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| atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) | Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them
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| atrioventricular node (AV node) | Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses bass through
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| atrium (plural atria) | One of two upper chambers of the heart
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| capillary | Smallest blood vessel, Materials pass to and from the bloodstream through the thin capillary walls
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| carbon dioxide | Gas (waste released by body cells, transported via veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation
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| cardiogenic shock | Results from failure of the heart in its pumping action. Shock is circulatory failure associated with inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
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| deoxygenated blood | Blood that is oxygen poor
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| diastole | Relaxation (resting) phase of the heartbeat
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| electrocardiogram | Record of the electricity flowing through the heart. It is represented by waves or deflections called P, QRS, and T wave
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| endocardium | Inner lining of the heart
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| endothelium | Innermost lining of blood vessels
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| mitral valve | Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve
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| myocardium | Muscular, middle layer of the heart
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| normal sinus rhythm | heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a resting rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute
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| oxygen | GAs that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all body cells
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| pacemaker (sinoarterial node) | Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat
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| pericardium | Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
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| pulmonary artery | Artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs.
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| pulmonary circulation | Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
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| pulmonary valve | Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
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| pulmonary vein | One of two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
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| pulse | Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
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| septum (plural: septa) | Partition or wall dividing a cavity; such as between the right and left atria and right and left ventricles
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| systemic circulation | Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart to the body tissues
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| systole | Contraction (working) phase of the heartbeat
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| tricuspid valve | Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle; it has three leaflets, or cusps
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| valve | Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction
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| vein | Thin-walled vessel that carries blood from the body tissues and lungs back to the heart
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| vena cava (plural: venae cavae) | Largest vein in the body. They return blood to the right atrium of the heart
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| ventricle | One of two lower chambers of the heart
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| venule | Small vein
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| Acute Coronary syndromes | Unstable angina and myocardial infarction, which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries
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| Angina | Chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia
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| Auscultation | Listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures, typically using a stethoscope
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| bruit | Abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ
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| cardiac arrest | Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action.
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| cardiac tamponade | Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
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| claudication | Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest
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| embolus | Clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
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| infarction | Area of dead tissue
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| nitroglycerin | Nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina
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| occlusion | Closure of a blood vessel due to blockage
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| palpitations | Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions (PVC'S)
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| patent | open
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| pericardial friction rub | Scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart
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| petechiae | Small, pinpoint hemorrhages
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| thrill | Vibration felt over an area or turmoil in blood flow
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| vegetations | Clumping of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves
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| dysrhythmia | Used to describe an abnormal heart rhythm
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| pallor | paleness
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| ischemia | blood flow is decreased or stopped (held back)
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| statins | drugs used to lower cholesterol levels
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| beta-blockers | drugs used to reduce the force and speed of heartbeat and to lower blood pressure
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| nitroglycerin | a nitrate drug used to treat acute attacks of angina – given sublingually – a vasodilator that increases coronary blood flow and lowers blood pressure
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| ACE inhibitors | drugs used to reduce high blood pressure and risk of future heart attack – angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
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| calcium channel blockers | drugs given to relax muscle in blood vessels
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| stent | An expandable tubular device (surgically placed) within a narrowed artery to improve blood flow and maintain opening
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| -centesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid
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| -constriction | narrow (to tighten)
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| -dilation | widening; stretching; expanding
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| -ectomy | removal; excision; resection
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| -emia | blood condition
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| -eurysm | widening
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| -genic | produced by or in
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| -globin | protein
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| -graphy | process of recording
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -ium | structure; tissue
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| -lysis | separation; breakdown; destruction; loosening
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| -megaly | enlargement
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| -oxia | oxygen
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| -phoresis | carrying; transmission
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| -plasty | surgical repair
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| -rrhage -rrhagia | bursting forth (of blood)
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| -sclerosis | hardening
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| -stenosis | tightening; stricture
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| -stenosis | tightening; stricture (narrowing)
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| -tomy | incision
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| -tropic | pertaining to stimulating
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| -tropin | stimulate; act on
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| -ule | little; small
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| -um | structure; tissue; thing
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| a-, an- | no; not; without
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| brady- | slow
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| de- | lack of; down; less; removal of
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| dys- | painful; difficult; abnormal
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| end- endo- | in; within
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| hemo- | blood
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| hyper- | too much; above; excessive
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| hypo- | deficient; below; under; less than normal
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| inter- | between
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| per- | through
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| peri- | surrounding
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| tachy- | fast
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| tetra- | four
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| tri- | three
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| angi/o | vessel
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| aort/o | aorta
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| arter/o arteri/o | artery
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| arteriol/o | arteriole (small artery)
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| arti/o | atrium (upper heart chambers)
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| ather/o | yellowish plaque (fatty substance)
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| axill/o | armpit
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| brachi/o | arm
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| cardi/o | heart
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| cholesterol/o | cholesterol
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| coron/o | heart (Latin: crown)
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| corpor/o | body
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| cutane/o | skin
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| cyan/o | blue
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| electr/o | electricity
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| idi/o | unknown; individual; distinct
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| isch/o | hold back; back
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| my/o | muscle
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| myx/o | mucus
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| necr/o | death
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| ox/o | oxygen
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| phleb/o | vein
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| radi/o | x-rays; radioactivity
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| rrhythm/o | rhythm
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| son/o | sound
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| sphygm/o | pulse
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| sten/o | narrowing
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| stern/o | breastbone
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| steth/o | chest
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| thromb/o | clot
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| valv/o valvul/o | valve
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| varic/o | varicose veins
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| vas/o | vessel
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| ven/o | vein
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| ventricul/o | ventricle
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| venul/o | venule (small vein)
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| par- | abnormal
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| oxysm/o | sudden
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| paroxysmal | occurring periodically and episodically
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| tele/o | distant
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