Glossary of Terms used in Cardiopulmonary Pulmonary PT
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Airway resistance | show 🗑
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Aneurysm | show 🗑
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show | Severe chest pain caused by relative deficiency of O2 supply to heart muscle. Manifestation of myocardial ischemia. S/S include: steady severe pain in heart region; pale ashen or livid face; pulse variable; usually quick & tense. Attacks last ~30 min
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Antiarrhythmic medications | show 🗑
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Anticoagulants | show 🗑
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show | Temporaty cessation of breathing. May result from reduction in stim uli to the respiratory center. Occurs in young infants or adults with restrictive problems
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Apneusis | show 🗑
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show | Irregular heart beats
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Atherosclerosis | show 🗑
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show | The arterial walls thicken and lose their elasticity. Commonly called "hardening of the arteries"
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Assisted cough | show 🗑
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show | An obstructive airway disorder common in young children that can be exacerbated by thepresence of specific allergens
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show | Collapse of one or more lobes of the lung
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Atrial septal defect | show 🗑
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show | A respiratory stimulant used to decrease spasms of involuntary muscles and decrease secretions
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Auscultation | show 🗑
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Beta-blockers | show 🗑
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Bradycardia | show 🗑
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Bradypnea | show 🗑
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show | Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection usually involving the lower portion of the lung
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show | An obstructive lung disorder resulting in inflammation of the mucus membrane of the bronchial airways, results in a productive cough
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Bronchodilators | show 🗑
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Cardiac glycosides | show 🗑
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show | The amount of blood discharged from the left or right ventricle per minute. _____________ is determined by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate
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show | Enlargement of the heart
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show | The process of ventilating and circulating blood for a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest
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show | X-ray commonly performed on patients to determine the extent of respiratory deficits
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show | A pattern of breathing common in severe head injuries or patients about to expire. There is an increase in inspiration followed by a series of gradually decreasing tidal volumes with a period of apnea
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Chronic venous insufficiency | show 🗑
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show | Any respiratory condition characterized by chronic abnormal expiratory flow rates. Decrease in the lungs ability to perform ventilation
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show | A condition that affects the toes, fingers and the tips of the fingers. They take on a bulbous appearance due to chronic hypoxia
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show | A cogenital heart defect resulting in narrowing of the aorta beyond the origin of the arteries that supply the extremities
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Congestive heart failure (CHF) | show 🗑
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Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | show 🗑
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show | Right ventricular failure due to chronic respiratory problems
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Corticosteroids | show 🗑
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show | The easiest method of clearing the airway and removing excess secretions. The rectus abdominis is the primary muscle utilized to produce __________
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Cyanosis | show 🗑
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Cystic fibrosis | show 🗑
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show | An overall decrease in fitness level due to prolonged bed rest or inactivity and may be accompanied by orthostatic hypotension
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show | An inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus, may be life threatening
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Diaphoresis | show 🗑
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show | Type of breathing pattern used to improve gas exchange & increase lung volume. The patient is semi-reclined, during exhalation, gentle pressure is applied changing to firm pressure at end of exhalation. During inhalation, resistance is applied by PT
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Dyspnea | show 🗑
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Embolism | show 🗑
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show | Thick, colored, malodorous, often frothy production of sputum from the lungs of patients with COPD. Laboratory analysis and the characteristics often aid in the diagnosis of, and classifying the severity of the disease
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Fetid | show 🗑
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Forced expiration technique | show 🗑
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Forced vital capacity (FVC) | show 🗑
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Gallop rhythm (murmurs) | show 🗑
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Graded exercise testing (GXT) | show 🗑
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show | A partial or complete interference of the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles. Alters the rhythm of the heartbeat, known as arrhythmia
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show | Blood-tinged sputum, arising form the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or the lungs
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show | Blood in the pleural cavity caused by a rupture of blood vessels resulting from inflammtion of the lungs in pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis
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Huffing | show 🗑
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Hypercapnia | show 🗑
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show | Decreased oxygen concentration in the blood, measured by arterial oxygen parital pressure (PaO2) values
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show | An oxygen deficiency, a decreased concentration of oxygen in the inspired air
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show | A hand held device used by patients to measure and encourage deep inspiration. Commonly used for patients that have been hospitalized for any length of time to decrease the chance of pneumonia
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Intubation (endothracheal) | show 🗑
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Ischemia | show 🗑
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show | The removal of one or more lobes of the lung
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show | Accumulation of fluid due to an obstruction of the lymphatic system. Results in swelling of the extremities
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Maximal aerobic power (max VO2) | show 🗑
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show | The difference between the resting and the maximal heart rate
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Maximum minute ventilation (VeMax) | show 🗑
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Metabolic energy expenditure (MET) | show 🗑
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show | White or clear sputum that can be present with a chronic cough for pulmonary disorders like bronchitis or cystic fibrosis
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show | A mixture of mucoid sputum and pus and is assoicated with a pulmonary infection. Usually yellow or light green in color
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Necrosis (ischemic) | show 🗑
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Orthopnea | show 🗑
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Orthostatic hypotension | show 🗑
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show | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
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show | Performing inhalation and expiration within the limits of the patient's capacity
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) | show 🗑
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show | A forceful, rhythmical pattern applied to the chest wall of a patient, performed by cupping the hands or with a mechanical device. Assists in loosening of secretions and aids in the process of removal
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Pericardium | show 🗑
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Perfusion | show 🗑
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show | A serous membrane that surrounds both lungs and is replicated upon the walls of the thorax and diaphragm. Secretions assist with decreasing the resistance during respiratory movement
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Pleural effusion | show 🗑
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show | An inflammation of the alveoli, interstitial tissue, and bronchioles of the lungs due to an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms, or to irritation by chemicals or other agents (eg, oil, radiation, drugs)
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Pneumothorax | show 🗑
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Postural drainage | show 🗑
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show | Effusion of serous fluid into the alveoli and interstitial tissue of the lungs. Caused by a weakening or failure of the left ventricle, which allows blood to back up and increase pressure in the pulmonary capillaries. Is life threatening
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Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | show 🗑
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Pursed lip breathing (gently blowing out candles) | show 🗑
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show | Yellow or greenish sputum that is usually thick an dcopious, filled with pus, indicative of an infection
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show | Adventitious lung sounds heard on ausculation of the chest. Produced by air passing over retained airway secretions or sudden opening of collapsed airways. Diseases such as chronic bronchitis, heard primarily on inspiration
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Raynaud's Syndrome | show 🗑
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Red blood cells (RBC) | show 🗑
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Rhonchi or wheezing | show 🗑
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show | Firm pressure is applied just before inspiration & pt is asked to breath in against resistance of PT's hands. The resistance is released to allow full inhalation following the initial period of resistance. Used in conjunction with postural drainage
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show | A bouncing procedure used to increase the effectivness of percussion and postural drainage. Pressure is applied to the rib cage during the expiratory phase following a deep inhalation
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show | A high pitched, harsh sound heard during respiration. Resembling the sound of blowing wind due to an obstruction of the upper airway
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Stroke volume | show 🗑
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Sustained maximal inspiration (SMI) | show 🗑
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Tachycardia | show 🗑
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show | An increased respiratory rate
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show | A pre-selected heart rate determined to be within safe exercise limits for an individual patient
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Tetralogy of Fallot | show 🗑
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show | Surgical incision of the chest wall
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Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease) | show 🗑
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Thrombosis | show 🗑
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Trendelenburg position | show 🗑
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show | An attempt to focibly exhale with the glottis, nose and mouth closed. Causes increased intrathoracic pressure, slowing of the pulse, decreased return of blood to the heart, and venous pressures-childbirth, difficult bowel movement, isometric contraction
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show | Medications that cause dilation of the blood vessels
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show | A congenital heart defect located in the septum resulting in an opening between the left and right ventricles. Permits blood to be shunted between the ventricles
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White blood cells (WBC) | show 🗑
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