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Glossary of Terms used in Cardiopulmonary Pulmonary PT

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Term
Description
Airway resistance   show
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Aneurysm   show
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show Severe chest pain caused by relative deficiency of O2 supply to heart muscle. Manifestation of myocardial ischemia. S/S include: steady severe pain in heart region; pale ashen or livid face; pulse variable; usually quick & tense. Attacks last ~30 min  
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Antiarrhythmic medications   show
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Anticoagulants   show
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show Temporaty cessation of breathing. May result from reduction in stim uli to the respiratory center. Occurs in young infants or adults with restrictive problems  
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Apneusis   show
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show Irregular heart beats  
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Atherosclerosis   show
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show The arterial walls thicken and lose their elasticity. Commonly called "hardening of the arteries"  
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Assisted cough   show
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show An obstructive airway disorder common in young children that can be exacerbated by thepresence of specific allergens  
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show Collapse of one or more lobes of the lung  
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Atrial septal defect   show
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show A respiratory stimulant used to decrease spasms of involuntary muscles and decrease secretions  
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Auscultation   show
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Beta-blockers   show
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Bradycardia   show
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Bradypnea   show
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show Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi, with secondary infection usually involving the lower portion of the lung  
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show An obstructive lung disorder resulting in inflammation of the mucus membrane of the bronchial airways, results in a productive cough  
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Bronchodilators   show
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Cardiac glycosides   show
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show The amount of blood discharged from the left or right ventricle per minute. _____________ is determined by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate  
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show Enlargement of the heart  
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show The process of ventilating and circulating blood for a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest  
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show X-ray commonly performed on patients to determine the extent of respiratory deficits  
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show A pattern of breathing common in severe head injuries or patients about to expire. There is an increase in inspiration followed by a series of gradually decreasing tidal volumes with a period of apnea  
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Chronic venous insufficiency   show
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show Any respiratory condition characterized by chronic abnormal expiratory flow rates. Decrease in the lungs ability to perform ventilation  
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show A condition that affects the toes, fingers and the tips of the fingers. They take on a bulbous appearance due to chronic hypoxia  
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show A cogenital heart defect resulting in narrowing of the aorta beyond the origin of the arteries that supply the extremities  
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Congestive heart failure (CHF)   show
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Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)   show
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show Right ventricular failure due to chronic respiratory problems  
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Corticosteroids   show
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show The easiest method of clearing the airway and removing excess secretions. The rectus abdominis is the primary muscle utilized to produce __________  
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Cyanosis   show
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Cystic fibrosis   show
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show An overall decrease in fitness level due to prolonged bed rest or inactivity and may be accompanied by orthostatic hypotension  
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show An inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus, may be life threatening  
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Diaphoresis   show
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show Type of breathing pattern used to improve gas exchange & increase lung volume. The patient is semi-reclined, during exhalation, gentle pressure is applied changing to firm pressure at end of exhalation. During inhalation, resistance is applied by PT  
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Dyspnea   show
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Embolism   show
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show Thick, colored, malodorous, often frothy production of sputum from the lungs of patients with COPD. Laboratory analysis and the characteristics often aid in the diagnosis of, and classifying the severity of the disease  
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Fetid   show
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Forced expiration technique   show
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Forced vital capacity (FVC)   show
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Gallop rhythm (murmurs)   show
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Graded exercise testing (GXT)   show
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show A partial or complete interference of the conduction of electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles. Alters the rhythm of the heartbeat, known as arrhythmia  
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show Blood-tinged sputum, arising form the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or the lungs  
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show Blood in the pleural cavity caused by a rupture of blood vessels resulting from inflammtion of the lungs in pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis  
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Huffing   show
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Hypercapnia   show
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show Decreased oxygen concentration in the blood, measured by arterial oxygen parital pressure (PaO2) values  
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show An oxygen deficiency, a decreased concentration of oxygen in the inspired air  
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show A hand held device used by patients to measure and encourage deep inspiration. Commonly used for patients that have been hospitalized for any length of time to decrease the chance of pneumonia  
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Intubation (endothracheal)   show
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Ischemia   show
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show The removal of one or more lobes of the lung  
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show Accumulation of fluid due to an obstruction of the lymphatic system. Results in swelling of the extremities  
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Maximal aerobic power (max VO2)   show
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show The difference between the resting and the maximal heart rate  
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Maximum minute ventilation (VeMax)   show
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Metabolic energy expenditure (MET)   show
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show White or clear sputum that can be present with a chronic cough for pulmonary disorders like bronchitis or cystic fibrosis  
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show A mixture of mucoid sputum and pus and is assoicated with a pulmonary infection. Usually yellow or light green in color  
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Necrosis (ischemic)   show
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Orthopnea   show
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Orthostatic hypotension   show
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show Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. Measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)  
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show Performing inhalation and expiration within the limits of the patient's capacity  
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)   show
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show A forceful, rhythmical pattern applied to the chest wall of a patient, performed by cupping the hands or with a mechanical device. Assists in loosening of secretions and aids in the process of removal  
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Pericardium   show
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Perfusion   show
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show A serous membrane that surrounds both lungs and is replicated upon the walls of the thorax and diaphragm. Secretions assist with decreasing the resistance during respiratory movement  
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Pleural effusion   show
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show An inflammation of the alveoli, interstitial tissue, and bronchioles of the lungs due to an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogenic organisms, or to irritation by chemicals or other agents (eg, oil, radiation, drugs)  
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Pneumothorax   show
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Postural drainage   show
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show Effusion of serous fluid into the alveoli and interstitial tissue of the lungs. Caused by a weakening or failure of the left ventricle, which allows blood to back up and increase pressure in the pulmonary capillaries. Is life threatening  
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Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)   show
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Pursed lip breathing (gently blowing out candles)   show
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show Yellow or greenish sputum that is usually thick an dcopious, filled with pus, indicative of an infection  
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show Adventitious lung sounds heard on ausculation of the chest. Produced by air passing over retained airway secretions or sudden opening of collapsed airways. Diseases such as chronic bronchitis, heard primarily on inspiration  
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Raynaud's Syndrome   show
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Red blood cells (RBC)   show
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Rhonchi or wheezing   show
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show Firm pressure is applied just before inspiration & pt is asked to breath in against resistance of PT's hands. The resistance is released to allow full inhalation following the initial period of resistance. Used in conjunction with postural drainage  
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show A bouncing procedure used to increase the effectivness of percussion and postural drainage. Pressure is applied to the rib cage during the expiratory phase following a deep inhalation  
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show A high pitched, harsh sound heard during respiration. Resembling the sound of blowing wind due to an obstruction of the upper airway  
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Stroke volume   show
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Sustained maximal inspiration (SMI)   show
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Tachycardia   show
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show An increased respiratory rate  
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show A pre-selected heart rate determined to be within safe exercise limits for an individual patient  
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Tetralogy of Fallot   show
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show Surgical incision of the chest wall  
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Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's Disease)   show
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Thrombosis   show
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Trendelenburg position   show
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show An attempt to focibly exhale with the glottis, nose and mouth closed. Causes increased intrathoracic pressure, slowing of the pulse, decreased return of blood to the heart, and venous pressures-childbirth, difficult bowel movement, isometric contraction  
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show Medications that cause dilation of the blood vessels  
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show A congenital heart defect located in the septum resulting in an opening between the left and right ventricles. Permits blood to be shunted between the ventricles  
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White blood cells (WBC)   show
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