Ch. 20
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| What are the two most important functions of the lymphatic system? | Maintain fluid balance in the internal environment and promote body's immunity
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| What is the lymphatic system? | Specialized component of the circulatory system
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| What is the lymphatic system made up of? | It is made up of lymph, lymphatic vessels, and isolated structures containing lymphoid tissue: lymph nodes, aggregated lymphoid nodules, tonsils, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow
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| What does the lymphatic system transport? | tissue, fluid, proteins and fats
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| What is lymphatic fluid? | Clear, watery-appearing fluid found in the lymphatic vessels; Closely resembles blood plasma in composition but has a lower percentage of protein; isotonic
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| What is interstitial fluid? | Complex, organized fluid that fills the spaces between the cells and is part of the ECM
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| Lymphatic vessels are similar to veins except...? | lymphatic vessels have thinner walls, have more valves, and contain lymph nodes
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| What absorbs fats and other nutrients from the small intestine? | Lacteals
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| What is the movement (flow) of lymph called? | lymphokinesis
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| What establishes a fluid pressure gradient (same as with venous blood)? | Breathing movement and skeletal muscle contraction
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| What is the action of lymophkinesis? | activites that result in a central flow of lymph
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| What are lymph nodes? | bean-shaped structures enclosed by a fibrous capsule
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| What are the locations of clinically important groups of lymph nodes? | submental and submaxillary groups, and superficial cervical, superficial cubital, axillary, iliac, and inguinal lymph nodes
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| What are the two distinct functions lymph nodes perform? | Filtration and Phagocytosis
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| How do the lymph nodes perform filtration? | Mechanical filtration physically stops particles from progressing further in the body. Biological filtration is when biological activity of cells destroys and removes particles
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| How do lymph nodes perform phagocytosis? | reticuloendothelial cells remove microorganisms and other injurious particles from lymph and phagocytose them
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| What is Hematopoiesis? | lymphoid tissue is site for final stages of maturation of some lymphocytes and monocytes
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| What percentage of lymph from the breast enter lymph node of the axillary region? | more than 85%
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| Where are the palantine tonsils located? | on each side of the throat?
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| Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located? | near posterior openings of nasal cavity, when enlarged are called "adenoids"
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| Where are lingual tonsils located? | near the base of the tongue
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| What is the primary central organ of the lymphatic system? | Thymus
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| How can medullary tissue be identified? | By the presence of thymic corpuscles
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| Shortly after birth, thymus secretes ___ which enable lymphocytes to develop into ___. | thymosin; T cells
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| What is the location of the spleen? | in left hypochondrium, directly below diaphragm, above left kidney and descending colon, and behind fundus of stomach
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| What are 4 functions of the spleen? | Defense, Hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir
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| How does spleen play a role in defense? | macrophages lining sinusoids of spleen remove microorganisms from blood and phagocytose them
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| How does the spleen play a role in hematopoiesis? | monocytesandlymphocytescomplete their development in the spleen
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| How does the spleen play a role in Red blood cell and platelet destruction? | macrophages remove worn-out RBCs and imperfect platelets and destroy them by phagocytosis; also salvage iron and globin from destroyed RBCs
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| How does spleen store blood? | pulp of spleen and its sinuses store blood
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