Kaplan MCAT Biology Chapter 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell Theory | All living things are composed of cells - The cell is the basic functional unit of life - Cells arise only from pre-existing cells - Cells carry genetic information in the form of DNA
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 primary tools used to study cells? | Microscopy, Autoradiography, Centrifugation
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 primary types of microscopes | Compound light microscope, Phase contrast microscope, Electron microscope
🗑
|
||||
| What controls the amount of light passing through specimens using compound light microscopy | diaphragm
🗑
|
||||
| Which types of microscopes are used to observe nonliving specimens | Compound light microscopes and electron microscope
🗑
|
||||
| What type of microscope is used to observe living specimens | Phase contrast microscope
🗑
|
||||
| Autoradiography uses what to trace and identify cell structures and biochemical activity | radioactive molecules
🗑
|
||||
| What cellular process is autoradiography used to study | protein synthesis - by labeling amino acids with radioactive isotopes
DNA & RNA synthesis specifically
🗑
|
||||
| cell mixtures are separated in centrifugation by what quality | cell type/density
🗑
|
||||
| cell fragments are separated in centrifugation based on _______ | density
🗑
|
||||
| Prokaryotic DNA | circular - concentrated in nucleoid region
🗑
|
||||
| Smaller rings of DNA | plasmids - contain just a few genes
🗑
|
||||
| A purpose of plasmids | allow cell to survive adverse conditions - explanation for antibiotic resistance
🗑
|
||||
| Where does respiration occur in the prokaryotic cell | cell membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Centrioles are found in ______ cells | eukaryotic animal
🗑
|
||||
| Cytosol contents | free proteins, nutrients,solutes, cytoskeleton
🗑
|
||||
| Purpose of cytoskeleton | give cell shape and anchor organelles
aid in cell maintenance and intracellular transport
🗑
|
||||
| Organelles | endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, vesicles, vacuoles, lysosomes, microbodies, mitochondria, chloroplasts, centrioles
🗑
|
||||
| Cholesterol molecules in phospholipid bilayer purpose | cell fluidity
🗑
|
||||
| transport proteins | membrane-spanning proteins that allow certain ions to pass through
🗑
|
||||
| cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) | proteins that contribute to cell recognition and adhesion - important during development
🗑
|
||||
| Receptors | glycoproteins that bind to specific molecules in the cell's external environment - may carry molecule into cell by pinocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| DNA is complexed with structural proteins called __________ to form _________ | histones; chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Where is rRNA synthesized | nucleolus
🗑
|
||||
| What is the site of protein production | ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Where are ribosomes synthesized | mucleolus
🗑
|
||||
| What is the smooth ER involved in | lipid synthesis and etoxification of drugs and poisons
🗑
|
||||
| What pH are the enzymes of lysosomes maximized at? | pH 5
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 2 types of microbodies | peroxisomes and glyoxysomes
🗑
|
||||
| What is the role of peroxisomes | contain oxidative enzymes that catalye a class of reactions in which peroxide is produced - break down fats into smaller molecules
🗑
|
||||
| Where are glyoxysomes found and what is their role | found in fat tissue of germinating seedlings - used to convert fats into sugars until seedling is mature enought to produce its own sugar
🗑
|
||||
| What is the site of aerobic respiration | mitochondria
🗑
|
||||
| What are the characteristics of the outer membrane of mitochondria | smooth and acts as a sieve - allowing molecules to pass on basis of size
🗑
|
||||
| What is the area between outer and inner membrane of mitochondria called | intemembrane space
🗑
|
||||
| What are the characteristics of the intermembrane space | many convolutions called cristae, high protein content - contains many of the proteins of the electron transport chain
🗑
|
||||
| What is the area bound by inner membrane of mitochondria called | mitochondrial matrix
🗑
|
||||
| What is the site of many of the reactions of respiration | mitochondrial matrix
🗑
|
||||
| How do mitochondria differ from other organelles | they are semiautonomus - they contain their own DNA (circular) and ribosomes, they self replicate by binary fission
🗑
|
||||
| What type of cells have cell walls? | Plants and fungi
🗑
|
||||
| What are centrioles composed of? | microtubules
🗑
|
||||
| Role of centriole | spindle organization during cell division - direct separation of chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Where are the centrioles? | Animals have a pair of centrioles that are oriented at right angles to one another in a region called the centrosome
🗑
|
||||
| What type of cells have centrioles? | animal cells
🗑
|
||||
| Microtubules | hollow rods made of polymerized tubulins that radiate throughout the cell and provide support
🗑
|
||||
| What provides the framework for organelle movement? | microtubules
🗑
|
||||
| What are cilia and flagella specialized arrangements of? | microtubules
🗑
|
||||
| Microfilaments | solid rods of actin involved in cell movement and support
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle contraction based on interaction between what | actin and myosin
🗑
|
||||
| What moves materials across plasma membrane | microfilaments
🗑
|
||||
| intermediate filaments | collection of fibers involved in maintenace of cytoskeletal integrity
🗑
|
||||
| In what ways can substances move in and out of a cells | simple diffusion (osmosis), facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| Simple diffusion | net movement of dissolved particles down their concentration gradient (high to low)
🗑
|
||||
| Which modes of transport of materials in and out of cells are passive processes? | simple diffusion (osmosis), and facilitated diffusion
🗑
|
||||
| Osmosis | simple diffusion of water
🗑
|
||||
| hypertonic solution | describes the medium when cytoplasm has lower solute concentration than extracellular medium
🗑
|
||||
| If the medium is hypertonic, water will... | flow out of cell, causing cell to shrink
🗑
|
||||
| hypotonic solution | describes the medium when cytoplasm has higher solute concentration than the extracellular medium
🗑
|
||||
| If the medium is hypotonic, water will.... | flow into the cell, causing it to sell
🗑
|
||||
| When concentrations of medium and cytoplasm are equal, the cell and medium are said to be | isotonic - no net flow of water
🗑
|
||||
| Facilitated diffusion | net movement of dissolved particles down their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Active transport | net movement of dissolved particles against their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins
🗑
|
||||
| What maintains the membrane potentials in specialized cells such as neurons | active transport
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 4 basic types of tissue | epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle tissue
🗑
|
||||
| epithelial tissue | covers surfaces of body and lines the cavities; protects against injury, invasion and desiccation; involved in absorption, secretion and sensation
🗑
|
||||
| Connective tissue involved in... | involved in body support
🗑
|
||||
| What is included in connective tissue | bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, and blood
🗑
|
||||
| Nervous tissue | conposed of specialized cells (neurons) that are involved in the perception, processing, and storage of information
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 types of muscle tissue | skeletal, cardiac, smooth
🗑
|
||||
| Viruses | acellular structure composed of nucleic acid enclosed by a protein coat
🗑
|
||||
| Nucleic acid of viruses can be either _____ or _______ | linear or circular
🗑
|
||||
| protein coat of a virus | capsid
🗑
|
||||
| Bacteriophages | Viruses that infect bacteria
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
susanivey
Popular MCAT sets