Human Development and Genetics
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| How many chromosomes does the human female egg have? | 23
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| How many chromosomes does the human male sperm have? | 23
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| The union of a human egg and sperm form a? | Zygote
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| How many chromosomes does the human zygote have? | 46
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| The human _________ contains 46 chromosomes. | Zygote
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| The zygote is formed by the union of? | Egg and sperm
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| Where does fertilization of the ovum take place? | In the fallopian tube
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| Fertilization of the ________ takes place in the fallopian tube. | Ovum
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| When a zygote undergoes cleavage, the process of cell division is called? | Mitosis
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| The zygote begins a series of cell divisions called? | Cleavage
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| Mitosis is the process of? | Cell division
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| The early embryonic stage is called the? | Morula
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| The morula is a solid sphere of? | Cells
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| The early embryonic stage that is a solid sphere of cells is the? | Morula
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| The morula stage of early embryonic development may be described as? | Solid sphere of cells
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| The early embryonic stage that is a hollow sphere of cells with an inner cell mast is the? | Blastocyst
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| The cells of the blastocyst are called? | Stem cells
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| The are called stem cells because they are not yet? | Specialized
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| What part of the blastocyst secretes enzymes to permit implantation? | The trophoblast
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| The trophoblast is the part of the blastocyst that secretes enzymes to? | Permit implantation
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| The trophoblast secretes enzymes to permit implantation in the? | Uterus
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| Where does normal implantation of a blastocyst take place? | Endometrium of the uterus
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| The endometrium of the uterus is where implantation of a __________ takes place. | Blastocyst
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| The average human gestation period is? | 40 weeks
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| During an average gestation period, the period of embryonic growth lasts? | 8 weeks
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| During an average gestation period, the period of fetal growth lasts? | 32 weeks
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| During gestation, the first 8 weeks are considered the _________ growth period. | Embryonic
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| During gestation, the last 32 weeks are considerd the _________ growth period. | Fetal
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| In the embryo, how many germ or primary layers are there? | Three
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| The ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm are the __________ of the embryo. | Primary or germ layers
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| In the embryo, the epidermis and nervous system are derived from the? | Ectoderm
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| In the embryo, the bones and muscles are derived from the? | Mesoderm
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| In the embryo, the liver and lungs are derived from the? | Endoderm
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| The embryonic membrane that forms the fetal part of the placenta is the? | Chorion
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| The embryonic membrane that has villi to provide for nourishment of the early embryo is? | Chorion
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| The embryonic membrane that forms the first blood cells is the? | Yolk sac
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| The yolc sac is the embryonic membrane that forms the? | First blood cell
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| The embryonic membrane that contains fluid to cushion the embryo is the? | Amnion
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| Amnion is the embryonic membrane that contains fluid to cushion the? | Embryo
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| Where is the site of exchanges between maternal blood and fetal blood? | The placenta
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| The placenta is the site of exhange between maternal blood and? | Fetal blood
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| The umbilical arteries carry blood from the? | Fetus
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| The umbilical arteries carry blood from the fetus to the? | Placenta
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| The ____________ carry blood from the fetus to the placenta. | Umbilical ateries
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| The umbilical vein carries blood from the? | Placenta
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| The umbilical vein carries blood to the? | Fetus
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| The __________ carries blood from the placenta to the fetus. | Umbilical vein
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| Blood is carried from the fetus to the placenta by the? | Umbilical arteries
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| The umbilical arteries contain blood with high levels of the gas? | Carbon dioxide
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| Blood is carried from the placenta to the fetus by the? | Umbilical vein
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| The umbilical vein contain blood with high level of the gas? | Oxygen
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| In the placenta, oxygen and carbon dioxide move by with the process of? | Diffusion.
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| In the placenta, nutrients are taken into fetal vessels by the process of? | Active transport
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| The placental hormone that maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy is? | hCG
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| The placental hormone hCG maintains the ________ during early pregnancy. | Corpus luteum
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| Where is the hormone hCG produced? | The choroin of the embryo
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| The placental hormone hCG is produced in the chorion of the? | Embryo
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| In later pregnancy, what hormones does the placenta secrete? | Estrogen and progesterone
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| During pregnancy, what placental hormone inhibits contractions of the myometrium? | Progesterone
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| The placental hormone progesterone inhibits contractions of the? | Myometrium
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| During pregnancy, what placental hormones inhibit ovulation? | Estrogen and progesterone
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| During pregnancy, the placental hormones estrogen and progesteron inhibit? | Ovulation
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| During pregnancy, the hormones that prepare the mammary glands for lactation are? | Estrogen and progesterone
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| During what stage of labor is the placenta delivered? | The third stage
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| During what stage of labor is the baby delivered? | The second stage
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| During what stage of labor does the cervix dilate? | The first stage
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| During the third stage of labor, the ________ is delivered. | Placenta
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| During the seckond stage of labor, the _______ is delivered. | Baby
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| During the first stage of labor, the ________ dilates. | Cervix
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| When does the amniotic sac rupture? | During the first stage of labor
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| During the first stage of labor the _________ ruptures. | Amniotic sac
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| When do the cervix dilate? | During the first stage of labor
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| The ________ dilate during the first stage of labor. | Cervix
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| The cervix dilate and the amniotic sac ruptures during the? | First stage of labor
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| During labor, the hormone that causes strong contractions of the uterus is? | Oxytocin
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| Oxytocin is the hormone that causes strong contractions of the ________ during labor. | Uterus
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| Just before birth, all of the fetus,s organ systems are functioning except the? | Respiratory system
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| When does the respiratory system of a fetus start functioning? | A few moments after birth
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| After birth the babys respiratory system begins funtioning because? | The lungs have been inflated.
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| After birth, the foramen ovale in the babys ________ is closed. | Heart
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| After birth, the ___________ in the babys heart is closed. | Foramen ovale
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| When the foramen ovale closes in the babys heart, this ________ pulmonary circulation. | Increases
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| After birth,the babys ductus arteriosus? | Constricts
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| After birth, the babys ductus arteriosus constricts, which allows more? | Blood flow to the lungs
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| After birth, the babys ductus venosus? | Constricts
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| After birth, the babys ductus venosus constricts because? | The umbilical cord has been cut
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| When the umbilical cord is cut blood no longer enters the? | Umbilical vein
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| A gene is a genetic code for? | One protein
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| The genetic code for one protein is called? | One gene
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| Where is the genetic code in the nucleus of a cell contained? | In the DNA of the chromosome
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| A person has ____ genes for each genetic traight. | 2
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| A person has two genes for each genetic trait, and the genes are called? | Maternal and paternal
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| A human cell contains _____ chromosomes. | 46
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| A human cell contains 46 chromosomes and 22 pairs of these are? | Autosomes
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| A human cell contains 22 autosomes and 1 pair is called? | Sex chromosomes
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| The sex chromosome in women are called? | XX
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| XX is the sex chromome in? | Women
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| The sex chromosome in men are called? | XY
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| XY is the sex chromosome in? | Men
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| Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes that may aslo be called? | Maternal and paternal
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| A pair of chromosomes that has maternal and paternal genes for the same traits is a? | Homologous pair
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| The two members of a homologous pair of chromosomes have genes for? | The same traits
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| The possibilities for the expression of a gene are called? | alleles
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| A person who is homozygous for a particular trait has two _________ genes for it. | Similar
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| A person who is heterozygous for a particular trait has two ________ genes for it. | Different
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| A person who has two similar genes for a particular trait is ______ for the trait. | Homozygous
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| A person who has two different genes for a particular trait is _______ for the trait. | Heterozygous
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| The genes a person has for a particular trait are called the? | Genotype
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| The expression of genes a person has for a particular trait is called the? | Penotype
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| A persons genotype for a particular trait refers to the? | Genes that are present
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| A persons phenotype for a particular trait refers to the? | Expression of the genes
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| If a trait may appear in a persons phenotype when only one gene is present for it, the trait is called? | Dominant
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| If a trait may appear in a persons phenotype only when two genes are present for it, the trait is called? | Recessive
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| In order for a recessive trait to appear in a persons phenotype the person must? | Have two genes for it
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| In order for a dominant trait to appear in a perons phenotype the person must? | Have one gene for it
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| A trait that is ________ requires two genes for it's expression. | Recessive
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| A trait that is ________ requires only one gene for it's expression. | Dominant
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| For the ABO blood types in people, the O allele is? | Recessive
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| For the ABO blood types in people, the A,B alleles are? | Co-dominant
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| For the ABO blood types in people, the ____ allele is recessive. | O
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| For the ABO blood types in people, the ____ alleles are co-dominant. | A,B
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| The genes for sex-linked traits are found on the ____ chromosome. | X
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| When the gene for a trait is found only on the X chromosome, the trait said to be? | Sex linked; X linked
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| Sex-linked traits are considered? | Recessive
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| Sex-linked traits are considered recessive because women must? | Have two genes to express such traits
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