The beginning of gross human anatomy and physiology class
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Anatomy | The science concerned with the physical structure of the organism
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| Histology | The study of normal tissues
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| Pathology | The study of the disease states and abnormal tissues
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| Levels of Organization | Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism
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| Cellular Level | The basic structural and functional component of life
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| Tissue Level | Aggregation of similar cells that perform a common function
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| Organ Level | Aggregation of tissue types that perform a specific function
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| Organ System Level | Consists of various organs that have similar or related functions
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| Epithelial Tissue | Covers the body surfaces, lines the body cavities, forms glands and ducts
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| Connective Tissue | Bind, Support, and Protect body parts
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| Muscle Tissue | Contracts to produce movement
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| Nervous Tissue | Initiates and transmits electrical impulses from one body part to another
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| Organ Systems of the Body | Circulatory, Endocrine, Immune, Integumentary, Musculoskeletal, Nervous, Respiratory, Digesive, Urinary, Reproductive
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| Anatomical Position | body is erect, feet are parralel, eyes directed forward, arms to the side, palms directed forward, fingers strait down
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| Superior | Toward the head
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| Inferior | Away from the head
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| Anterior | Toward the front
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| Posterior | Toward the back
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| Ventral | Toward the front
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| Dorsal | Toward the back
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| Medial | Toward the midline of the body
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| Lateral | Away from the midline of the body
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| Proximal | Toward the trunk of the body
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| Distal | Away from the trunk of the body
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| Ipsilateral | On the same side
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| Contralateral | On the opposite side
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| Rostral(neuro) | Towards the forehead
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| Caudal(neuro) | Towards the spinal cord
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| Flexion | Movement that decreases the angle of the parts of a joint
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| Extension | Movement that increases the angle of the parts of a joint
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| Adduction | Movement towards the midline of the body
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| Abduction | Movement away from the midline of the body
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| Inversion (feet) | A turning inward
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| Eversion(feet) | A turning outward
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| Dorsiflextion | The superior surface approaches the shin
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| Plantarflexion | Depressing the foot or pointing the toes
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| Supination | Placement of a body part so that the anterior surface is superior
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| Pronation | Placement of a body part so that the posterior surface is superior
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| Circumduction | The distal end of the body part describes a circle, but the bone does not rotate
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| Retraction | A body part that moves pesteriorily in a horisontal plane
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| Elevation | Moves the body part superiorily
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| Depression | Moves the body part inferiorily
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| Lateral flexion | Moves the vertebral column in a lateral direction
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| Cephalic region | Head
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| Cervical region | Neck
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| Thoracic region | Chest
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| Brachium region | The arm from the shoulder to the elbow
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| Antibrachium region | The forearm
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| Antecubital region | The front of the elbow
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| Carpus region | Wrist
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| Pubis region | The anterior pelvis
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| Inguinal region | The groin
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| Lumbar region | Lower back
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| Gluteus region | Buttocks
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| Femoral region | Thigh
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| Patellar region | Kneecap
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| Crus | Calf
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| Talus | The ankle
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| Plantar | The sole of the foot
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| Quadrant System | Division of the abdomen into four quadrants clincally marked by a mid-sagittal plane and transverse plane through the unbillicus.
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| Left/Right Hypochondriac regions | Left and right upper 1/3 regions of the abdomen
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| Left/Right Lumbar regions | Left and right middle lateral regions of the abdomen
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| Left/Right Inguinal regions | Left and right lower 1/3 regions of the abdomen
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| Epigastric region | Upper, central 1/3 of the abdomen
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| Unbillical region | Center of the abdomen
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| Hypogastric region | Lower, central 1/3 of the abdomen
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| Sagittal plane | A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right portions
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| Mid-Saggital plane | A vertical plane that equally divides the body into right and left portions
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| Transverse plane | Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
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| Coronal plane | A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
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| Dorsal Body Cavity | Divided into the Cranial and Vertebral Cavities
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| Cranial Cavity | Contains the brain
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| Vertebral Cavity | Contains the spinal cord
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| Ventral Body Cavity | Divided by the diaphragm into the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities
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| Thoracic Body Cavity | Divided into the Pleural, Mediastinum, and Pericardial Cavities
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| Pleural Cavities | The cavites that surround the right and left lungs
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| Mediastinum Cavity | The area between the two lungs
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| Pericardial Cavity | The cavity that surrounds the heart
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| Abdominopelvic Cavity | Divided into the Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity
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| Abdominal Cavity | The upper region of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the stomach, small intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys
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| Mesentary | the membrane, consisting of a double layer of peritoneum, that connect the parietal peritoneum with the visceral peritoneum. Supports the intestines, maintaining them in position in the abdominal cavity
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| Synovial Membranes | a thin membrane composed entirely of connective tissue in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid
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| Cutaneous Membrane | The skin that covers the body
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| Tight Junctions | the closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes join together forming a virtual impermeable barrier to fluid
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| Desmosomes | are anchoring junctions or mechanical couplings like rivets scattered along the sides of adjacent cells found in tissues under mechanical stress like the heart, skin, and uterus
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| Gap Junctions | a linkage of two adjacent cells consisting of a system of channels extending across a gap from one cell to the other, allowing the passage of ions and small molecules. exist in electrically excitable tissues like the heart.
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| Hypo- | Below; beneath; under
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| Epi- | On; upon
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| Gastro- | Belly or stomach, having to do with the digestive system
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| Osteo- | Having to do with bones
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| Chondro- | Having to with cartilage
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| Hyper- | Over, Above, or Excessive
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| Peri- | About or Around
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| Histology | the branch of biology dealing with the study of tissues
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| Pathology | the branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseases
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| Matrix | the intercellular substance of a tissue
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Created by:
garciarussell
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