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Anatomy Beginning
The beginning of gross human anatomy and physiology class
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | The science concerned with the physical structure of the organism |
| Histology | The study of normal tissues |
| Pathology | The study of the disease states and abnormal tissues |
| Levels of Organization | Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism |
| Cellular Level | The basic structural and functional component of life |
| Tissue Level | Aggregation of similar cells that perform a common function |
| Organ Level | Aggregation of tissue types that perform a specific function |
| Organ System Level | Consists of various organs that have similar or related functions |
| Epithelial Tissue | Covers the body surfaces, lines the body cavities, forms glands and ducts |
| Connective Tissue | Bind, Support, and Protect body parts |
| Muscle Tissue | Contracts to produce movement |
| Nervous Tissue | Initiates and transmits electrical impulses from one body part to another |
| Organ Systems of the Body | Circulatory, Endocrine, Immune, Integumentary, Musculoskeletal, Nervous, Respiratory, Digesive, Urinary, Reproductive |
| Anatomical Position | body is erect, feet are parralel, eyes directed forward, arms to the side, palms directed forward, fingers strait down |
| Superior | Toward the head |
| Inferior | Away from the head |
| Anterior | Toward the front |
| Posterior | Toward the back |
| Ventral | Toward the front |
| Dorsal | Toward the back |
| Medial | Toward the midline of the body |
| Lateral | Away from the midline of the body |
| Proximal | Toward the trunk of the body |
| Distal | Away from the trunk of the body |
| Ipsilateral | On the same side |
| Contralateral | On the opposite side |
| Rostral(neuro) | Towards the forehead |
| Caudal(neuro) | Towards the spinal cord |
| Flexion | Movement that decreases the angle of the parts of a joint |
| Extension | Movement that increases the angle of the parts of a joint |
| Adduction | Movement towards the midline of the body |
| Abduction | Movement away from the midline of the body |
| Inversion (feet) | A turning inward |
| Eversion(feet) | A turning outward |
| Dorsiflextion | The superior surface approaches the shin |
| Plantarflexion | Depressing the foot or pointing the toes |
| Supination | Placement of a body part so that the anterior surface is superior |
| Pronation | Placement of a body part so that the posterior surface is superior |
| Circumduction | The distal end of the body part describes a circle, but the bone does not rotate |
| Retraction | A body part that moves pesteriorily in a horisontal plane |
| Elevation | Moves the body part superiorily |
| Depression | Moves the body part inferiorily |
| Lateral flexion | Moves the vertebral column in a lateral direction |
| Cephalic region | Head |
| Cervical region | Neck |
| Thoracic region | Chest |
| Brachium region | The arm from the shoulder to the elbow |
| Antibrachium region | The forearm |
| Antecubital region | The front of the elbow |
| Carpus region | Wrist |
| Pubis region | The anterior pelvis |
| Inguinal region | The groin |
| Lumbar region | Lower back |
| Gluteus region | Buttocks |
| Femoral region | Thigh |
| Patellar region | Kneecap |
| Crus | Calf |
| Talus | The ankle |
| Plantar | The sole of the foot |
| Quadrant System | Division of the abdomen into four quadrants clincally marked by a mid-sagittal plane and transverse plane through the unbillicus. |
| Left/Right Hypochondriac regions | Left and right upper 1/3 regions of the abdomen |
| Left/Right Lumbar regions | Left and right middle lateral regions of the abdomen |
| Left/Right Inguinal regions | Left and right lower 1/3 regions of the abdomen |
| Epigastric region | Upper, central 1/3 of the abdomen |
| Unbillical region | Center of the abdomen |
| Hypogastric region | Lower, central 1/3 of the abdomen |
| Sagittal plane | A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right portions |
| Mid-Saggital plane | A vertical plane that equally divides the body into right and left portions |
| Transverse plane | Divides the body into superior and inferior portions |
| Coronal plane | A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions |
| Dorsal Body Cavity | Divided into the Cranial and Vertebral Cavities |
| Cranial Cavity | Contains the brain |
| Vertebral Cavity | Contains the spinal cord |
| Ventral Body Cavity | Divided by the diaphragm into the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic Cavities |
| Thoracic Body Cavity | Divided into the Pleural, Mediastinum, and Pericardial Cavities |
| Pleural Cavities | The cavites that surround the right and left lungs |
| Mediastinum Cavity | The area between the two lungs |
| Pericardial Cavity | The cavity that surrounds the heart |
| Abdominopelvic Cavity | Divided into the Abdominal and Pelvic Cavity |
| Abdominal Cavity | The upper region of the abdominopelvic cavity that contains the stomach, small intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys |
| Mesentary | the membrane, consisting of a double layer of peritoneum, that connect the parietal peritoneum with the visceral peritoneum. Supports the intestines, maintaining them in position in the abdominal cavity |
| Synovial Membranes | a thin membrane composed entirely of connective tissue in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid |
| Cutaneous Membrane | The skin that covers the body |
| Tight Junctions | the closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes join together forming a virtual impermeable barrier to fluid |
| Desmosomes | are anchoring junctions or mechanical couplings like rivets scattered along the sides of adjacent cells found in tissues under mechanical stress like the heart, skin, and uterus |
| Gap Junctions | a linkage of two adjacent cells consisting of a system of channels extending across a gap from one cell to the other, allowing the passage of ions and small molecules. exist in electrically excitable tissues like the heart. |
| Hypo- | Below; beneath; under |
| Epi- | On; upon |
| Gastro- | Belly or stomach, having to do with the digestive system |
| Osteo- | Having to do with bones |
| Chondro- | Having to with cartilage |
| Hyper- | Over, Above, or Excessive |
| Peri- | About or Around |
| Histology | the branch of biology dealing with the study of tissues |
| Pathology | the branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseases |
| Matrix | the intercellular substance of a tissue |
Created by:
garciarussell
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