U2: Joints/Articulat
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| Joints/articulations | show 🗑
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| Functional classification | show 🗑
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| show | joint classification; two criteria-kind of connective tissue binding articulating bones together and presence or absence of a joint cavity between the articulation joints; 3 classes-fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
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| Fibrous joints | show 🗑
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| show | bones joined by cartilage, no joint activity, slightly moveable, ex. Intervertebral joints of spine, pubic symphasis (both connected with fibrocartilage.
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| show | bones are joined by a synovial membrane and fibrous capsule. Joint cavity is present; freely moveable joints; functionally are diathroses joints; ex. Shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle
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| Features of synovial joints | show 🗑
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| Articular/joint capsule | show 🗑
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| show | outer layer of articular/joint capsule
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| Synovial membrane | show 🗑
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| Synovial fluid | show 🗑
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| Articular cartilage | show 🗑
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| Reinforcing ligaments | show 🗑
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| Nerves of synovial joints | show 🗑
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| show | in some synovial joints;flat, synovial fluid-filled sacs lined w/ synovial membrane; reduce friction b/t joint related structures that rub against one another during mvnt.In places where ligaments, tendons, muscles, bones, or skin rub together (knee)
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| Menisci/articular discs | show 🗑
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| show | shapes of articular bone surfaces; ligaments, muscle tone
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| Types of movement allowed at synovial joints | show 🗑
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| Flexion | show 🗑
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| Extension | show 🗑
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| Hyperextension | show 🗑
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| show | movement of limb away from the midline of body
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| Adduction | show 🗑
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| show | sort of a semicircular movement of a bone; occurs at shoulder joint and hip joint; occurs at joint formed between dens/odontoid process of the axis and atlas
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| Pronation | show 🗑
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| show | moving palm and forearm from a posterior or downward facing postitoin to an anterior or upward facing position; occurs when the radius rotates around the ulna to bring these bone into a parallel position relative to one another
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| show | turning the sole of the foot so it faces medially
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| show | turning sole of the foot so it faces laterally
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| Dorsiflexion | show 🗑
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| Plantar flexion | show 🗑
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| Protraction | show 🗑
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| show | non-angular movement in which bone is moved straight back. Ex. Squaring the shoulders
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| Elevation | show 🗑
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| Depression | show 🗑
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| Types of synovial joints | show 🗑
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| Hinge joint | show 🗑
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| show | allows for rotation; ex. Atlanto-axial joint, proximal radio-ulnar joint
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| show | allows for a wide variety of movements; ex. Shoulder and hip joints
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| Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) | show 🗑
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| show | mainly involves the articulation of radius with scaphoid and lunate bones which are 2 specific carpal bones.
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| show | ball and socket type joint; consists of articulation of head of humerus with glenoid cavity/fossa of scapula. Loose fit of humerus head w/ shallow glenoid fossa/cavity makes it most freely moving body joint. Prone to dislocate.
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| show | provides stability to shoulder joint; comprised of muscle and tendons. Encircles shoulder joint and includes supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor. Prone to strains & tears when arm is vigorously moved. Baseball pitcher injuries.
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| show | hinge joint; consists of fit of the trochlea of humerus into trochlear notch of ulna
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| show | ball and socket joint formed by articulation of head of femur with the acetabulum of hip/coxal bone
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| Knee joint | show 🗑
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| Ankle joint | show 🗑
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| show | sprain, dislocation, torn cartilage injury of knee, bursitis, arthritis
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| show | stretched or torn ligament; partly torn will eventually repair themselves but heal slowly
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| Dislocations | show 🗑
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| Torn cartilage injury of knee | show 🗑
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| Bursitis | show 🗑
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| Arthritis | show 🗑
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| Osteoarthritis | show 🗑
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| show | autoimmune disease; involves inflammation and degeneration of synovial membrane followed by formation and ossification of scar tissue in the joint which can fuse bone ends together and cause deformity.
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