vocab for medieval finals
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| eturscans | people who lived N. of Rome and influenced all of Roman culture
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| patricians | members of landholding upper class
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| republic | gov. where people choose some officials
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| consuls | supervise business, gov., and army
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| dictator | ruler w/ complete control (Cincinatus model dictator)
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| plebians | average people of Rome; made up most of pop.
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| tribunes | plebians right to elect own officials
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| veto | block laws that felt harmful to plebians
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| laws of 12 | gave plebians right to appeal judgement by patrician judge
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| legion | basic military unit of about 5000 men; paid when successful, killed when disgraced
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| why did rome develope major trade and defensive formations? | central location and fertile land
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| who were romulus and remus? | founders of rome, romulus won power
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| who did romans fight in punic wars? | carthage
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| what was the outcome of the first punic war? | rome won sicilly, corsica, and sardina
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| what was the outcome of the second punic war? | cathage got revenge; Hannibal used sneek attack from Alps, but rome won w/ larger army, rome still wanted carthage gone...
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| what was the outcome of the third punic war? | cato argued cathage should be destroyed; rome completely destroyed...
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| imperialism | est. control over foriegn lands and people
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| who allied w/ rome? | egypt
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| latifundia | huge states wealthy farmers bought
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| tiberious and gais gracchi | patricians who were first to reform; tiberius as tribune gave poor land and gais had public funds and fed poor; senate killed them in thought of being threats
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| why did rome republic fall? | political parties fought to much
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| julius ceasar | military commander later in 1 triumvant and won; dictator; had many reforms; stabbed to death when thought of him becoming king
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| mark antony | ceasars chief general, lost 2 triumvant to octavian
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| augustus | "exalted one;" best roman emperor; started w/ Pax Romanna; made census; wasnt king, but had all power
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| census | pop. count of empire so records of who should be taxed was easier
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| bad insane emperors of rome emp. | caligula (boots) and nero; insane and evil about christ.
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| hadrian | confided rome law; built wall across britain to hold back attackers; one of better rulers
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| marcus aurelius | last emperor during Pax.; close to being "philosopher king"
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| pax romana | lands protected, trade flow, ideas spread
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| circus maximus | entertainment stadium for races and fights; gladiators who won got back freedom
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| latins | settled around Tiber R. & Palatine hill
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| virgil | wrote the Aeneid that told of heroic stories of rome's past as Greece.
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| satirize | make fun of roman society in poem verse; horaces were gentle and playful, but juvenal and martial were more bitter
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| livy | wrote tales of patriotic feeling and tradtion through rome's heroic past
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| tacitus | worte bitter about augustus and his successes
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| stoicism | importance of duty and acceptance of ones's fate. also concerned for well- being of people
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| mosaic | pic. made of chipped glass that was colored
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| rome arch. | gradeur; improved columns and arches; Pantheon
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| engineering | science and math to develope structures
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| aquaducts | used to carry water in city; pipe system; public baths
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| ptolomy | theory earth was center of universe
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| galen | advanced medical field w/ experimenting
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| pliny | compiled geography, zoology, botany, and others all based on peoples works
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| 2 codes become 1 | civil and law
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| what does punic stand for? | phonecian
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| what religion where most people in rome? | polytheistic
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| what did rome conquer in 63 bc? | Judea; let them worsip 1 god; zealots didnt live under law
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| messiah | anointed king sent by god, led people to freedom
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| what flared in 66 ad? | jewish rebellion; many jews died or left Judea
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| who was jesus a decendent of? | king david
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| what was jesus called? | son of most high god
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| apostles | person sent forth
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| paul | jew from asia minor; most influential when spreading christ.
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| martyrs | people who suffer for their beliefs
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| constantine | issued edict of milan to help christ. becom #1, freedom of religion
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| clergy | only men; group who conducts services
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| bishop | responsible for all diocese
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| patriarch | authority over bishops in their area
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| popes | bishops of rome; authority over all bishops
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| heresies | beliefs contrary to official teachings; caused division
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| who were the 2 leading scholars of chist.? | clement and origen
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| augustine | greates bishop of Hippo in n. africa; combined chist. doctrine w/ grecko-roman
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| sulla and marius | sulla and maruis fought for spot in dictator; sulla won
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| diocletian | emperor who split power w/ maximus and was out to restore order when emp. divided
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| inflation | rise in prices
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| constantine | gave christ. tolerance; new capital constantinople over byzantium; invaders of germanians didnt help
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| huns | nomads migrating from central asia to europe; others went to rome for saftey from them; pressure gave away territories
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| general aliric | visgoth; overran italy and rome
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| odoacer | germanic leader ousted roman emperor; caused "fall"
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| why did rome fall? | political turmoil:wars for throne, gov. w to much power econmy weak: high tax, wars cause pop. decline social decay: mercenaries take away patiriotism, upper class no leading
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