The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
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| lymphatic vessels collect lymph from what kind of tissue | loose connective tissue
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| lymph fluid flows only toward or away from the heart? | toward
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| smallest of the lymph vessels which first receive lymph | lymph capillaries
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| vessels that collect from lymph capillaries | lymphatic collecting vessels
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| areas scattered around the collecting vessels | lymph nodes
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| collect lymph from collecting vessels | lymph trunks
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| empty into the veins of the neck | lymph ducts
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| two functions of the lymphatic vessels | 1) collect excess tissue fluid and blood proteins, 2) return tissue fluid and blood proteins to the bloodstream
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| these structures are located near blood capillaries with minivalve flaps that open and allow fluid to enter | lymph capillaries
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| does the heart pump on the lymphatic system? | no
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| specialized lymphatic capillaries or the small intestine that receive a fatty lymph called chyle | lacteals
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| these vessels are composed of the same three tunica as blood vessels | lymphatic collecting vessels
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| at the level of the lymph collecting vessels, the movement of lymph is propelled by (3) | 1) bulging of skeletal muscles, 2) pulsing of nearby arteries, 3) tunica media of the lymph vessels
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| these structures cleanse the lymph of pathogens (cancer cells, harmful foreign substances, etc) before they reach venous circulation | lymph nodes
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| approximately how many lymph nodes are in the human body? | 500
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| these structures are where lymphatic vessels converge | lymphatic trunks
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| name the five lymph trunks | lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular
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| this lymph trunk receives lymph from the lower limbs and some of the pelvic area | lumbar
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| the unpaired lumbar trunk | intestinal
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| lymph trunk that receives chyle from digestive system | intestinal
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| lymph trunk that collects lymph from thoracic viscera | bronchomediastinal
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| lymph trunk that receives lymph from the upper limbs and thoracic wall | subclavian
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| lymph trunk that drains lymph from the head and neck | jugular
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| lymph duct located at the union of lumbar and intestinal trunks (two names) | cisterna chyli, left lymphatic duct
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| the expanded most inferior portion of the thoracic duct | left lymphatic duct
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| lymphatic duct that ascend along the vertebral bodies, junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins | thoracic duct
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| this lymph duct drains 3/4 of the body | thoracic duct
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| the only portion of the body that the thoracic duct does not drain | the right upper quadrant
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| lymph duct which empties into the right internal jugular and subclavian veins | right lymphatic duct
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| not everyone has this duct | right lymphatic duct
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| MALT stands for | mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
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| two most important tissues of the immune system | 1) mucous membranes, 2) lymphoid organs
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| function of these organs is to gather and destroy infectious microorganisms | lymphoid organs
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| where immature T cells mature, secretes hormones | thymus gland
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| where is the thymus gland located | near the trachea
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| considered lymph organs, place where antigens are destroyed and activate B and T cells | lymph nodes
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| located in the ileum of the small intestine, most distal point of the small intestine, densely packed mucosa associate lymphoid tissue, so considered a lymph organ | aggregated lymphoid nodules
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| another name for aggregated lymphoid nodules | Peyer's patches
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| the largest lymphoid organ | spleen
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| two postnatal functions of the spleen | 1) removal of blood-borne antigens, 2) removal and destruction of old/defective blood cells
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| prenatal function of the spleen | site of blood cell formation in the fetus
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| the tubular offshoot of the cecum (proximal portion of the large intestine) | appendix
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| simplest lymphoid organ | tonsils
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| which tonsils are the largest and most often infected in childhood | palatine tonsils
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| four classes of tonsils | palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, tubal
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| this lymph organ is not comprised of true lymphoid tissue | thymus gland
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