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Anatomy QIII:QVII
The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| lymphatic vessels collect lymph from what kind of tissue | loose connective tissue |
| lymph fluid flows only toward or away from the heart? | toward |
| smallest of the lymph vessels which first receive lymph | lymph capillaries |
| vessels that collect from lymph capillaries | lymphatic collecting vessels |
| areas scattered around the collecting vessels | lymph nodes |
| collect lymph from collecting vessels | lymph trunks |
| empty into the veins of the neck | lymph ducts |
| two functions of the lymphatic vessels | 1) collect excess tissue fluid and blood proteins, 2) return tissue fluid and blood proteins to the bloodstream |
| these structures are located near blood capillaries with minivalve flaps that open and allow fluid to enter | lymph capillaries |
| does the heart pump on the lymphatic system? | no |
| specialized lymphatic capillaries or the small intestine that receive a fatty lymph called chyle | lacteals |
| these vessels are composed of the same three tunica as blood vessels | lymphatic collecting vessels |
| at the level of the lymph collecting vessels, the movement of lymph is propelled by (3) | 1) bulging of skeletal muscles, 2) pulsing of nearby arteries, 3) tunica media of the lymph vessels |
| these structures cleanse the lymph of pathogens (cancer cells, harmful foreign substances, etc) before they reach venous circulation | lymph nodes |
| approximately how many lymph nodes are in the human body? | 500 |
| these structures are where lymphatic vessels converge | lymphatic trunks |
| name the five lymph trunks | lumbar, intestinal, bronchomediastinal, subclavian, jugular |
| this lymph trunk receives lymph from the lower limbs and some of the pelvic area | lumbar |
| the unpaired lumbar trunk | intestinal |
| lymph trunk that receives chyle from digestive system | intestinal |
| lymph trunk that collects lymph from thoracic viscera | bronchomediastinal |
| lymph trunk that receives lymph from the upper limbs and thoracic wall | subclavian |
| lymph trunk that drains lymph from the head and neck | jugular |
| lymph duct located at the union of lumbar and intestinal trunks (two names) | cisterna chyli, left lymphatic duct |
| the expanded most inferior portion of the thoracic duct | left lymphatic duct |
| lymphatic duct that ascend along the vertebral bodies, junction of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins | thoracic duct |
| this lymph duct drains 3/4 of the body | thoracic duct |
| the only portion of the body that the thoracic duct does not drain | the right upper quadrant |
| lymph duct which empties into the right internal jugular and subclavian veins | right lymphatic duct |
| not everyone has this duct | right lymphatic duct |
| MALT stands for | mucosa associated lymphoid tissue |
| two most important tissues of the immune system | 1) mucous membranes, 2) lymphoid organs |
| function of these organs is to gather and destroy infectious microorganisms | lymphoid organs |
| where immature T cells mature, secretes hormones | thymus gland |
| where is the thymus gland located | near the trachea |
| considered lymph organs, place where antigens are destroyed and activate B and T cells | lymph nodes |
| located in the ileum of the small intestine, most distal point of the small intestine, densely packed mucosa associate lymphoid tissue, so considered a lymph organ | aggregated lymphoid nodules |
| another name for aggregated lymphoid nodules | Peyer's patches |
| the largest lymphoid organ | spleen |
| two postnatal functions of the spleen | 1) removal of blood-borne antigens, 2) removal and destruction of old/defective blood cells |
| prenatal function of the spleen | site of blood cell formation in the fetus |
| the tubular offshoot of the cecum (proximal portion of the large intestine) | appendix |
| simplest lymphoid organ | tonsils |
| which tonsils are the largest and most often infected in childhood | palatine tonsils |
| four classes of tonsils | palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, tubal |
| this lymph organ is not comprised of true lymphoid tissue | thymus gland |
Created by:
amyziolkowski
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