Anatomy of the heart
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| heart is located.. | in the thoracic cavity between the lungs in mediastenum.
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| the base of the heart is... | called the apex
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| endocardium | inner most layer also the valves. the conduction system is embedded in this layer.
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| myocardium | the middle layer. it is the muscle layer. in this layer are the intercalated disks.
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| pericardium | the outer most layer. there is a layer of fluid between the pericardium and the pericardial sac.
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| right atrium | receives unoxygenated blood from the inferior and superior vena cavas.
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| left atrium | receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
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| right ventricle | sends unoxygenated blood to the lungs.
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| left ventricle | sends oxygenated blood out to the rest of the body.
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| semilunar valves | sends blood out of the heart
pulmonic & aortic valves
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| pulmonic valve | semilunar on right sends blood to the lungs
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| aortic valve | semilunar on left sends blood to the body
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| atrioventricular valve | between atrium and ventricle
tricuspid & mitral valves
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| tricuspid valve | between right atrium and right ventricle
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| mitral valve | between left atrium and left ventricle
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| right coronary artery | supplies blood to the right side of heart
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| left coronary artery | supplies blood to the left side of the heart
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| left anterior descending | supplies blood to the front wall of the left ventricle.
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| circumflex artery | supplies blood to the lateral and posterior wall of the left ventricle
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| conduction system of the heart.. | SA node-internodal pathways-AV node- bundle of his-bundle branches-purkinje fibers
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| sinoatrial node (SA node) | natural pacemaker of the heart. located in the upper wall right atrium. generates a HR of 60-100BPM
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| internodal pathways | spread impulses throughout the right and left atrium
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| atrioventricular node (AV node) | located in the septal wall of the right atrium just above the tricuspid valve. it delays the impulses so that the atrium can fully empty and the ventricles can respond. it fires at a rate of 46-60BPM
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| bundle of his | begins ventricular contraction. rate of 40-60BPM
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| bundle branches | right and left found in the interventricular septum. stimulates the walls of the right and left ventricles.
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| cardiac cells | automaticity-excitability-conductivity-extensibility
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| automaticity | the ability of the cell to generate an impulse.
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| excitability | the ability of the cell to respond to the impulses
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| conductivity | the ability of the cell to transmit the impulse.
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| contractility | muscle can shorten
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| extensibility | muscle can stretch
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| depolarization | "doing"(contraction) of the cells of the heart. K+ potassium is negative on the outside and Na+ sodium is positive on the inside.
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| repolarization | "resting" of the cells. K+ potassium is negative on the inside cell and Na+ sodium is positive on the outside
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| K+ | potassium, kalemia always negative
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| Na+ | sodium always positive
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Created by:
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