Brady 10th Terms
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| The secondary muscles of respiration. They include the neck muscles (sternocleidomastoids), the chest pectoralis major muscles, and the abdominal muscles. | accessory muscles
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| To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope. | auscultate
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| A method of assessing the level of consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert, responsive to verbal stimuli or pain, or unresponsive; used principally early in the assessment process. | AVPU scale
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| The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. | blood pressure
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| A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min. | bradycardia
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| An indication of air movement in the lungs, usually assessed with a stethoscope. | breath sounds
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| A test that evaluates distal circulatory system function by squeezing (blanching) blood from an area such as a nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure. | capillary refill
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| A noninvasive method that can quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's ventilatory status, circulation, and metabolism. | capnography
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| The use of a capnometer, a device that measures the amount of expired carbon dixoide. | capnometry
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| A component of air that typically makes up 0.3% of air at sea level; also a waste product exhaled during expiration by the respiratory system. | carbon dioxide
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| The reason a patient called for help; also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?" | chief complaint
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| To form a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding. | coagulate
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| Capnometer or end-tidal carbon dioxide detectors are devices that use a chemical reaction to detect the amount of carbon dioxide present in expired gases by changing colors (qualitative measurement rather than quantitative). | colorimetric devices
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| The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye. | conjunctiva
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| A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together; also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling. | crepitus
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| A bluish gray skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood. | cyanosis
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| A mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures/penetrations, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, and Swelling. | DCAP-BTLS
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| Characterized by profuse sweating. | diaphoretic
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| The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the heart's cycle (diastole) when the left ventricle is at rest. | diastolic pressure
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| The amount of carbon dioxide present in exhaled breath. | end-tidal CO2
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| A type of physical assessment that is typically performed on patients who have sustained nonsignificant mechanisms of injury or on responsive medical patients. | focused assessment
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| Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold; frozen or partially frozen body parts are frostbitten. | frostbite
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| A systematic head-to-toe examination that is performed during the secondary assessment on a patient who has sustained a significant mechanism of injury, is unconscious, or is in critical condition. | full-body scan
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| The overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care; based on the patient's surroundings, the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and the chief complaint. | general impression
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| The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injuries should occur because survival potential is best. | Golden Period
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| Involuntary muscle contractions (spasms) of the abdominal wall in an effort to protect an inflamed abdomen; a sign of peritonitis. | guarding
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| A step within the patient assessment process that provides detail about the patient's chief complaint and an account of the patient's signs and symptoms. | history taking
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| Blood pressure that is higher than the normal range. | hypertension
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| Blood pressure that is lower than the normal range. | hypotension
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| A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C), usually as a result of prolonged exposure to cool or freezing temperatures. | hypothermia
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| A system implemented to manage disasters and mass-casualty incidents in which section chiefs, including finance, logistics, operations, and planning, report to the incident commander. | incident command system (ICS)
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| Yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction. | jaundice
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| Breathing that requires greater than normal effort; may be slower or faster than normal and usually requires the use of accessory muscles. | labored breathing
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| The way in which traumatic injuries occur; the forces that act on the body to cause damage. | mechanism of injury (MOI)
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| Flaring out of the nostrils, indicating that there is an airway obstruction. | nasal flaring
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| The general type of illness a patient is experiencing. | nature of illness (NOI)
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| An abbreviation for key terms used in evaluating a patient's pain: Onset, Provocation or Palliation, Quality, Region/radiation, Severity, and Timing of pain. | OPQRST
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| The mental status of a patient as measured by memory of person (name), place (current location), time (current year, month, and approximate date), and event (what happened). | orientation
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| To examine by touch. | palpate
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| The motion of the portion of the chest wall that is detached in a flail chest; the motion—in during inhalation, out during exhalation—is exactly the opposite of normal chest wall motion during breathing. | paradoxical motion
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| Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet current needs of the cells. | perfusion
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| Clothing or specialized equipment that provides protection to the wearer. | personal protective equipment (PPE)
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| Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention. | pertinent negatives
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| A step within the patient assessment process that identifies and initiates treatment of immediate and potential life threats. | primary assessment
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| The pressure wave that occurs as each heartbeat causes a surge in the blood circulating through the arteries. | pulse
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| An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds. | pulse oximetry
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| A crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; also called crackles. | rales
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| A step within the patient assessment process that is performed at regular intervals to identify and treat changes in a patient's condition. | reassessment
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| The way in which a patient responds to external stimuli, including verbal stimuli (sound), tactile stimuli (touch), and painful stimuli. | responsiveness
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| Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration. | retractions
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| Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways. | rhonchi
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| A brief history of a patient's condition to determine signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading to the injury or illness. | SAMPLE history
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| A step within the patient assessment process that involves a quick assessment of the scene and the surroundings to provide information about scene safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness before you enter and begin patient care. | scene size-up
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| The tough, fibrous, white portion of the eye that protects the more delicate inner structures. | sclera
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| A step within the patient assessment process in which a systematic physical examination of the patient is performed. The examination may be a systematic full-body scan or a systematic assessment that focuses on a certain area or region of the body | secondary assessment
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| Respirations that are charcterized by little movement of the chest wall (reduced tidal volume) or poor chest excursion. | shallow respirations
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| Objective findings that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured. | sign
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| An upright position in which the patient's head and chin are thrust slightly forward to keep the airway open. | sniffing position
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| Breathing that occurs with no assistance. | spontaneous respirations
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| Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease. | standard precautions
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| A high-pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration. | stridor
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| A characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the presence of air in soft tissues. | subcutaneous emphysema
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| Subjective findings that the patient feels but that can be identified only by the patient. | symptom
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| The increased pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles (systole). | systolic pressure
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| A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min. | tachycardia
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| The amount of air (in milliliters) that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath. | tidal volume
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| The process of sorting patients based on the severity of injury and medical need to establish treatment and transportation priorities. | triage
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| An upright position in which the patient leans forward onto two arms stretched forward and thrusts the head and chin forward. | tripod position
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| A severe breathing problem in which a patient can speak only two to three words at a time without pausing to take a breath. | two- to three-word dyspnea
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| Narrowing of a blood vessel, such as with hypoperfusion or cold extremeties. | vasoconstriction
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| The key signs that are used to evaluate the patient's overall condition, including respirations, pulse, blood pressure, level of consciousness, and skin characteristics. | vital signs
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