Digestive System
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| The _________ tube begins at the mouth. | Alimentary
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| The alimentary tube begins at the mouth, and ends at the ________. | Anus
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| The teeth, tongue, and salivary glands are ________ organs. | Accesory
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| The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are _________ organs. | Accesory
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| No digestion takes place in the ________ organs. | Accesory
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| Digestion does take place in some organs of the ________ tube. | Alimentary
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| Name the parts of the alimentary tube in which digestion takes place. | Oral cavity, stomach, small intestine.
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| The oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine of the alimentary tube is where __________ takes place. | Digestion
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| In the alimentary tube, most absorption of nutrients takes place in the ___________. | Small intestine
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| Food is changed to simpler molecules during __________ digestion. | Chemical
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| During chemical digestion, food is changed to __________. | Simpler molecules
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| Chemical digestion is accomplished by specific __________. | Enzymes
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| Food is broken down to smaller pieces during _________ digestion. | Mechanical
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| During mechanical digestion food is broken down to __________. | Smaller pieces
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| Mechanical digestion creates more __________ area, for the action of digestive enzymes. | Surface
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| Mouth is the opening for food into the ________. | Oral cavity
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| The superior boundary of the oral cavity is the ___________. | Hard palates
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| Hard palates are the superior boundary of the __________. | Oral cavity
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| Both the teeth and tongue contribute to _________ digestion. | Mechanical
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| Both the teeth and tongue contribute to mechanical digestion by __________. | Chewing
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| An individual developes ______ sets of teeth. | Two
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| The first set of teeth an individual developes is called __________ teeth. | Deciduous
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| If complete, a set of deciduous teeth consits of _______ teeth. | Twenty
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| Deciduous teeth are the _________ set of teeth an individual developes. | First
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| There are Twenty teeth in a complete set of _________ teeth. | Deciduous
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| The second set of teeth a individual developes is called __________ teeth. | Permanent
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| Permanent teeth are the __________ set of teeth an individual developes. | Second
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| A set of permanent teeth, if complete consists of ________ teeth. | 32
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| There are 32 teeth in a complete set of ________teeth. | Permanent
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| Enamel covers the _______ of a tooth. | Crown
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| The crown of a tooth is covered by _________. | Enamel
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| It is enamel that forms a hard _________ surface. | Chewing
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| Dentin forms the _______ of a tooth. | Root
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| Dentin forms the root of a tooth and the interior of the ________. | Crown
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| The root of the tooth and the interior of the crown is formed by _________. | Dentin
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| The________ cavity contains nerves and blood vessels. | Pulp
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| The pulp cavity contains _______________. | Nerves and blood vessels
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| The ___________ membrane produces a bone like cement to anchor the roots of the tooth. | Periodontal
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| The periodontal membrane produces a bone like _________ to anchor the roots of the tooth. | Cement
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| The __________ membrane lines the tooth sockets in the mandible and maxillae. | Periodontal
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| The tooth sockets in the mandible and maxillae are lined with ___________. | Perodontal membrane
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| The tongue is important for the sense of ________. | Taste
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| The _________ is important for the sense of taste. | Tongue
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| During swallowing the tongue is elevated to push food towards the _________. | Pharynx
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| During swallowing the tongue is elevated to push ________ towards the pharyns. | Food
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| The salivary glands that are located below the floor of the mouth are called __________. | Sublingual
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| The sublingual glands are located on the floor of the _________. | Mouth
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| The salivary glands that are located in front of the ears are called the __________. | Parotid
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| The partid glands are located in front of the _________. | Ears
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| The salivary glands that are located at the posterior corners of the madible called the _____________. | Submandibular
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| The submandibular glands are located at the posterior corners of the ____________. | Mandible
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| The salviary glands are __________ glands. | Exocrine
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| The exocrine glands have a duct that take _________ to the oral cavity. | Saliva
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| The digestive enzyme in saliva is called __________. | Salivary amylase
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| Salivary amylase is the ____________ in saliva. | Enzyme
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| Salivary amylase digests starch to ________. | Maltose
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| Starch is digested to maltose by ____________. | Salivary amylase
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| The water in saliva is important to __________ food. | Dissolve
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| The water in saliva helps dissolve food so it may be __________. | Tasted
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| The water in saliva moistens the food so that it can be ___________. | Swallowed
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| The only eating-related function of the pharynx is ____________. | Swallowing
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| Swallowing is the only eating-related function of the ____________. | Pharynx
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| The ____________ takes food from the pharynx to the stomach. | Esophagus
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| Food is taken from the pharynx to the stomach by the _____________. | Esophagus
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| The circular smooth muscle at the junction of the esophagus and the stomach is called the __________. | Lower esophageal sphincter
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| Where is the lower esophageal sphincter located? | At the junction of the esophagus and the stomach
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| Contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter prevents _________ of food into the esophagus. | Backup
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| Mucosa includes the epitheial tissue that lines the ________. | Organ
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| Mucosa secretes mucus and __________ enzymes. | Digestive
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| Digestive enzymes and mucus are secreted by _________. | Mucosa
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| Mucosa contains lymph nodules to destroy _________. | Pathogens
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| Submucosa is made of __________ connective tissue. | Areolar
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| The submucosa contains __________ plexus. | Meissners
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| Meissners plexus regulates the secretions of the __________. | Mucosa
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| Secretions of mucosa are regulated by __________. | Meissners plexus
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| The external muscle layer is made of ________ layers of smooth muscle. | Two
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| The external muscle is made of two muscle layers of ___________. | Smooth muscle
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| The external muscle layer contains the _________ plexus. | Auerbachs
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| The Auerbachs plexus is located in the ____________ muscle layer. | External
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| The Auerbachs plexus regualtes ___________. | Peristalis
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| Peristalis is regulated by the __________. | Auerbachs plexus
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| The external muscle layer provides __________ digestion. | Mechanical
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| The external muscle layer provides mechanical digestion and __________. | Peristalis
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| Serosa is above the ___________. | Diaphram
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| Serosa is above the diaphram and made of ____________ tissue. | Fibrous connective
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| Serosa below the diaphram is in the ___________. | Menentery
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| The stomach is a sac like portion of the ___________. | Alimentary tube
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| The part of the alimentary tube that is sac like is the __________. | Stomach
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| The stomach extends from the esophagus to the _________ intestine. | Small
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| Some digestion ________ take place in the stomach. | Does
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| The stomach serves as a __________ for food. | Reservoir
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| Stomach is a reservior for food so that digestion takes place ________. | Gradually
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| Folds of the gastric mucosa that are present when the stomach is empty are called _________. | Rugae
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| Rugae is present in the gastric mucosa when _______________. | The stomach is empty
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| The glands of the stomach are called ___________. | Gastric pits
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| Gastric pits are the glands of the ___________. | Stomach
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| Gastric pits secrete ___________. | Gastric juice
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| Gastric juice is the secretion of the ________. | Gastric pits
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| Mucous cells secrete _______. | Mucus
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| Mucus is secreted by ___________ cells. | Mucous
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| Mucous cells secrete mucus to help protect the __________ mucosa. | Gastric
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| Chief cells secrete_____________. | Pepsinogen
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| Pepsinogen is secreted by _________ cells. | Chief
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| Pepsinogen is an inactive form of the enzyme _________. | Pepsin
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| An inactive form of pepsin is called _________. | Pepsinogen
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| Parietal cells secrete _____________. | Hydrochloric acid
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| Hydrochloric acid is secreted by ____________. | Parietal cells
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| Hydrochloric acid ___________ pepsin. | Activates
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| Pepsin is activated by ___________ acid. | Hydorchloric
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| G cells secrete __________. | Gastrin
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| Gastrin is secreted by ___________. | G cells
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| G cells secrete gastrin when _________ enters the stomach. | Food
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| When food enters the stomach G cells secrete ________. | Gastrin
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| Hydrolic acid is the _________ that kills most of the microorganisms that enter the stomach. | Gastric juice
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| The part of gastric juice that digests proteins to polypeptidesis the enzyme ________. | Pepsin
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| Secretion of gastric juice may begin with the sight or smell of ________. | Food
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| Mechanical digestion in the stomach is the function of the __________ layer. | External muscle
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| The _________ sphincter is located at the junction of the pylorus of the stomach and the dueodenum of the small intestine. | Pyloric
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| When the pyloric sphincter contracts, it prevents the ________ of food from the dueodenum to the stomach. | Backup
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| The liver is located just below the __________. | Diaphram
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| The liver is located in the upper right and center of the_____________. | Abdominal cavity
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| The functional unit of the liver is called a liver _________. | Lobule
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| The liver lobule is made of liver cells and the large capillaries called _________. | Sinusoids
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| Between ___________ are branches of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts. | Liver lobules
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| The digestive function of the liver is the production of __________. | Bile
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| Bile contains bile salts that emulsify _______. | Fats
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| Bile leaves the liver through the ________ duct. | Hepatic
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| The hepatic joins the __________ duct of the gallbladder. | Cystic
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| When the hepatic duct joins the cystic duct of the gallbladder it forms the __________ duct. | Common bile
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| The common bile duct carries bile to the dueodenum of the __________ intestine. | Small
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| Bilirubin and excess chloresterol are transported to the intestines to be eliminated in __________. | Feces
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| The gallbladder is located on the undersurface of the ________ lobe of the liver. | Right
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| The gallbladder stores and concentrates ______. | Bile
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| The hormone _______ stimulates production of bile by the liver. | Secretin
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| The hormone ____________ stimulates contraction of the gallbladder. | Chloecystokinin
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| The pancreas is located in the ___________ abdominal cavity. | Upper
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| The pancreas is located between the curve of the duodenum and the _________. | Spleen
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| Enzyme pancreatic juice contains several ________. | Enzymes
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| The enzyme ____________ digests polypeptides to shorter chains of amino acids. | Trypsin
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| The enzyme _________ digests emusified fats to fatty acids and glycerol. | Lipase
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| The enzyme _________ digests starch to maltose. | Amylase
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| Biocarbonate pancreatic juice contains _________ that neutralizes the hydrochloric acid. | sodium bicarbonate
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| Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes hydrolic acid from the stomach to the ___________. | Duodenum
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| The small intestine is coiled within the ____________. | Abdominal cavity
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| The small intestine is encircled by the ______________. | Large intestine
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| The small intestine carries food from the stomach to the ___________. | Large intestine
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| There are _____ parts of the small intestine. | Three
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| The common bile duct enters the _________. | Duodenum
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| The external muscle layer is responsible for mixing chyme with digestive secretions for _________. | Peristalis
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| The collective name for all of the nerve fibers and networks of the alimentary tube is called the __________________. | Enteric nervous system
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| The name Peyers Patch is given to the ___________ of the small intestine. | Lymph nodules
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| Digestion of food is completed in the ____________. | Small intestine
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| Digestion requires _______ from the liver. | Bile
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| Digestion requires _______ from the pancreas. | Pancreatic juice
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| Digestion requires ________ produced by the small intestine itself. | Enzymes
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| The crypts of Lieberkuhn are the _______ of the small intestine. | Glands
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| The secretion of Lieberkuhn glands is stimulated by presence of food in the ________. | Duodenum
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| Peptidases complete the digestion of peptide chains to ___________. | Amino acids
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| Plica circulares are ____________ of the mucosa and submucosa. | Large folds
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| Villis are the small projections of the ________. | Mucosa
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| Microvilli are microscopic folds of the cell membrane on the __________ of each columnar cell. | Free surface
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| Microvilli are also called the _____________. | Brush border
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| Each villus contains a ____________. | Capillary network
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| The absorbtion of vitamin B12 requires the __________ factor produced by the stomach lining. | Intrinsic
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| The absorption of calcium ions requires vitamin D an __________ hormone. | Parathyroid
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| The absorption of water, minerals, and vitamins is the function of the ___________. | Colon
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| In the small intestine, lymph from the lacteals enters the blood in the ______ vein. | Left subclavian
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| The elimination of undigestible materials is the function of the ________. | Colon
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| The normal flora of the colon are the ________ that live in the colon. | Bacteria
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| The function of the colon flora is to inhibit the growth of _____________. | Pathogens
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| The function of the colon flora is to produce _________. | Vitamin K
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| The defecation reflex involves the ___________ of the CNS. | Spinal cord
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| The stretching of the _______ as peristalis of the colon pushes feces into it. | Rectum
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| Voluntary control of defecation is provided by the __________ sphincter. | External anal
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| The external anal sphincter ________ to close the anus. | Contracts
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