Chapter 9
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| kidneys | part of the urinary system; have the role of filtering the blood by removing waste products, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine from the body system and producing urine
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| urinary bladder | storage reservoir for the urine
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| urethra | small tube leading from the bladder out of the body
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| homeostasis | state of balance and stable internal environment
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| ren/o | kidney
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| cyst/o | urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid
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| vesic/o | urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid
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| lith/o | stone, calculus
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| pyelo/o | renal pelvis
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| urin/o | urine
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| hemat/o | blood
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| hem/o | blood
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| noct/o | night
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| py/o | pus
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| olig/o | few/diminished
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| ur/o | urine
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| glomerul/o | glomerulus
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| lys/o | breakdown
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| an | without
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| a | without
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| dys | abnormal, painful, difficult
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| poly | many
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| hyper | excessive
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| dia | through
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| ic | pertaining to
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| al | pertaining to
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| ole | small
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| emia | blood condition
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| scope | instrument for viewing
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| iasis | condition
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| itis | inflammation
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| ectomy | surgical removal of
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| cele | hernia, protrusion
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| scopy | process of viewing
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| tripsy | crushing
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| uria | urine
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| osis | abnormal condition
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| graphy | process of recording
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| renal artery | supplies each of the kidneys with its blood supply
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| renal cortex | outer region of the kidney
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| urine | liquid form of waste in the body
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| nephrons | blood filtering mechanisms that form urine
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| renal medulla | middle or inner region of the kidney
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| renal pelvis | inner region of the kidney
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| ureters | long narrow muscular tubes through which urine flows from the kidney to the bladder
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| urethral meatus | external opening which is found anterior to the vaginal opening and carries only urine
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| urination | process where urine is expelled from the body
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| micturition | process where urine is expelled from the body
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| voiding | process where urine is expelled from the body
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| glomerulus | cluster of capillaries in the kidneys where the urine formation begins
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| Bowman's capsule | membrane that surrounds the glomerulus
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| tubular reabsorption | process by which water, sugar, and salts are returned to the bloodstream
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| tubular secretion | process of transferring substances such as potassium and hydrogen from the blood into the urine
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| urologist | specialist that diagnoses and treats diseases of the urinary system
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| urology | the study of the urinary system
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| nephrologist | diagnoses and treats disorders of the kidneys
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| nephrology | the study of the kidneys
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| nephrolithiasis | presences of stones in the kidneys
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| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra
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| cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| renal failure | kidneys stop functioning partially or completely
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| anuria | abnormal condition, no urine formation
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| dysuria | painful urination
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| cystocele | hernia of the urinary bladder through the vaginal wall
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| diuresis | secreting large amounts of urine
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| hematuria | blood in the urine
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| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys
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| nephromegaly | enlargement of the kidneys
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| nocturia | excessive urination at night
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| urinary retention | inability to empty the urinary bladder
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| pyuria | pus in the urine
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| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis
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| ureterorrhagia | discharge of blood from the ureter
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| urinary tract infection (UTI) | urinary infections that begin in the bladder
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| urethralgia | pain in the urethra
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| polyuria | pain in the urethra
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| incontinence | inability to control excretory functions
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| urinary incontinence | inability to control the voiding of urine
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| cystography | process of recording an x-ray of the urinary bladder
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| cystoscopy | visual examination of the interior of the urinary bladder
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| hemodialysis | procedure to filter blood when the kidneys are not functioning
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| intravenous pyelography (IVP) | x-ray study of the kidneys, bladder, urethra and ureters by injecting a contrast medium into a vein to assist in visualization
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| catheterization | insertion of a sterile catheter through the urethra into the urinary bladder to collect urine
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| urinalysis (UA) | examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
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| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | blood test to determine the amount urea in the blood
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| 24 hour urine specimen | collecting of all of the urine excreted by a patient in a 24 hour period
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| urine culture | urine specimen that is checked for the presence of bacteria
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| KUB | x-ray of the lower abdomen to check the size, shape, and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
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| cystectomy | surgical removal of all or part of the bladder
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| lithotomy | surgical incision to remove a stone
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| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra
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| kidney transplant | grafting of a donor kidney into the body to replace a persons failing kidney
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| lithotripsy | destruction of a kidney stone by using ultrasonic waves that travel through water
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