Nervous System for Language & Medicine Ch.10
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| Acetycholine | Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells
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| Afferent nerve | Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord.
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| Arachnoid membrane | Middle layer of the 3 membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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| Astrocyte | Type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillars.
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| Autonomic nervous system | Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs.
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| Axon | Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell.
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| Blood-brain barrier | Blood vessels that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out.
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| Brainstem | Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord.
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| Cauda Equina | Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord.
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| Cell body | Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus.
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| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain and spinal cord.
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| Cerebellum | Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.
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| Cerebral cortex | Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells: gray matter of the brain.
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| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord.
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| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain.
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| Cranial nerves | 12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the neck and head.
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| Dendrite | Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse.
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| Dura mater | Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surround and protecting the brain and spinal cord.
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| Efferent nerve | Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve.
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| Ependymal cell | Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain adn spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid.
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| Ganglion | Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system.
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| Glial cell | Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses.
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| Gyrus | Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex.
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| Hypothalamus | Portion of the brain just beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appitite,and body temp
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| Medulla Oblongata | Portion of the brain just abocve the spinal cord; controls breathing and heartbeat.
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| Meninges | 3 protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
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| Microglial cell | Phagocytic glial cel that removes wast products from the central nervous system.
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| Motor nerve | Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs.
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| Myelin Sheath | Covering of white fatty tissure that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell.
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| Nerve | Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers that carry electical impulses.
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| Neuron | Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body.
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| Neurtransmitter | Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell.
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| Oligodendroglial cell | Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons.
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| Parasympathetic nerves | Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body function such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of gastrointestinal tract.
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| Parenchyma | Distinguishing tissue of any organ or system.
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| Peripheral nervous sytem | Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
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| Pia Mater | Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
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| Plexus | Large, interlacing network of nerves.
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| Pons | Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the medbrain.
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| Receptor | Organ the receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves.
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| Sciatic nerve | Nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg and foot.
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| Sensory nerve | Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor.
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| Spinal nerve | 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord.
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| Stimulus | Agent of change in the internal or external enviroment the evokes a response.
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| Stroma | Connnective and supporting tissue of an organ.
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| Sulcus | Depression or groove in the surface of trhe cerebral cortex.
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| Sympathetic nerves | Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress.
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| Synapse | Space throug which a nervous impuls traves between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells.
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| Thalamus | Main relay center of the brain, Conducts i
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| Vagus nerve | 10th cranial nerve; its branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach.
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| Ventricles of the brain | Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.
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