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L&M Ch.10 Nervous S
Nervous System for Language & Medicine Ch.10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acetycholine | Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends of nerve cells |
| Afferent nerve | Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord. |
| Arachnoid membrane | Middle layer of the 3 membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. |
| Astrocyte | Type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillars. |
| Autonomic nervous system | Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs. |
| Axon | Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell. |
| Blood-brain barrier | Blood vessels that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out. |
| Brainstem | Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. |
| Cauda Equina | Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord. |
| Cell body | Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus. |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain and spinal cord. |
| Cerebellum | Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance. |
| Cerebral cortex | Outer region of the cerebrum, containing sheets of nerve cells: gray matter of the brain. |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord. |
| Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain. |
| Cranial nerves | 12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the neck and head. |
| Dendrite | Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse. |
| Dura mater | Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surround and protecting the brain and spinal cord. |
| Efferent nerve | Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve. |
| Ependymal cell | Glial cell that lines membranes within the brain adn spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid. |
| Ganglion | Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. |
| Glial cell | Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses. |
| Gyrus | Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex. |
| Hypothalamus | Portion of the brain just beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appitite,and body temp |
| Medulla Oblongata | Portion of the brain just abocve the spinal cord; controls breathing and heartbeat. |
| Meninges | 3 protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. |
| Microglial cell | Phagocytic glial cel that removes wast products from the central nervous system. |
| Motor nerve | Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs. |
| Myelin Sheath | Covering of white fatty tissure that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. |
| Nerve | Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers that carry electical impulses. |
| Neuron | Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body. |
| Neurtransmitter | Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell. |
| Oligodendroglial cell | Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. |
| Parasympathetic nerves | Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body function such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of gastrointestinal tract. |
| Parenchyma | Distinguishing tissue of any organ or system. |
| Peripheral nervous sytem | Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. |
| Pia Mater | Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges |
| Plexus | Large, interlacing network of nerves. |
| Pons | Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the medbrain. |
| Receptor | Organ the receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves. |
| Sciatic nerve | Nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg and foot. |
| Sensory nerve | Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from a receptor. |
| Spinal nerve | 31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord. |
| Stimulus | Agent of change in the internal or external enviroment the evokes a response. |
| Stroma | Connnective and supporting tissue of an organ. |
| Sulcus | Depression or groove in the surface of trhe cerebral cortex. |
| Sympathetic nerves | Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress. |
| Synapse | Space throug which a nervous impuls traves between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells. |
| Thalamus | Main relay center of the brain, Conducts i |
| Vagus nerve | 10th cranial nerve; its branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach. |
| Ventricles of the brain | Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid. |
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