Anatomy Chapt 14
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| Peyronie's disease | AKA penile curvature, is a form of sexual dysfunction in which the penis is bent or curved during erection
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| andropause | is often referred to as male menopause, is marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone
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| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder
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| hydrocele | a fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles
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| priapism | a painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is not accompanied by sexual excitement. The condition can be caused by medications or by blood-related diseases such as sickle cell anemia or leukemia
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| varicocele | a knot of varicose veins in one side of the scrotum
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| azoospermia | the absence of sperm in the semen
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| hemospermia | the presence of blood in the seminal fluid
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| orchidectomy | is the surgical removal of one or both testicles
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| orchiopexy | endoscopic surgery to move an undescended testicle into its normal position in the scrotum
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| vasovasostomy | AKA a vasectomy reversal, is a procedure performed as an attempt to restore fertility to a vasectomized male
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| chlamydia | is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, is the most commonly reported STD in the US. It is highly contagious & requires early treatment with antibiotics
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| gonorrhea | a highly contagious condition caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In women, this condition affects the cervix, uterus & fallopian tubes. In men, it affects the urethra by causing painful urination & an abnormal discharge.
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| syphilis | is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, has many symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from other STDs; is highly contagious & is passed from person to person through direct contact with a chancre, which is a sore caused by syphilis.
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| trichomoniasis | AKA trich, is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. One of the most common symptoms in infected women is a thin, frothy, yellow-green, foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Infected men often do not have symptoms.
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| menarche | the beginning of the menstrual function
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| perimenopause | the term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods & no periods of all
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| obstetrician | a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth & immediately thereafter
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| ovariorrhexis | the rupture of an ovary
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| polycystic ovary syndrome | AKA Stein-Leventhal syndrome, is a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of many cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles
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| endometriosis | a condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus & become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity
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| metrorrhea | an abnormal discharge, such as mucus, or pus, from the uterus
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| uterine prolapse | AKA a pelvic floor hernia, is the condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity & sags into the vagina
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| cervical dysplasia | AKA precancerous lesions, is the growth of abnormal cells in the cervix, which can be detected by a Pap smear
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| cervicitis | an inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection
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| endocervicitis | an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix
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| leukorrhea | a profuse, whitish mucus discharge from the uterus & vagina
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| pruritus vulvae | a condition of severe itching of the external female genitalia
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| fibroadenoma | a round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular & connective tissue in the breast
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| fibrocystic breast disease | the presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts. This condition occurs more frequently in older women.
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| galactorrhea | the production of breast milk in a woman who is not breastfeeding
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| mastalgia | AKA mastodynia, is pain in the breast
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| amenorrhea | an abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 3 or more months
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| dysmenorrhea | pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period
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| hypomenorrhea | an unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period
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| menometrorrhagia | AKA intermenstrual bleeding, is excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods & at other irregular intervals
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| oligomenorrhea | the term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation in a woman with previously normal periods
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| colposcopy | the direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix & vagina
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| hysterosalpingography | a radiographic examination of the uterus & fallopian tubes
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| hysteroscopy | the direct visual examination of the interior of the uterus & fallopian tubes
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| ovariectomy | AKA an oophorectomy, is the surgical removal of one or both ovaries
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| salpingo-oophorectomy | the surgical removal of a fallopian tube & ovary
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| colpopexy | AKA vaginofixation, is the surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall
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| colporrhaphy | the surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina
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| hysterectomy | the surgical removal of the uterus
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| mastopexy | mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position
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| nulligravida | a woman who has never been pregnant
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| nullipara | a woman who has never borne a viable child
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| primigravida | a woman during her first pregnancy
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| primipara | a woman who has borne one viable child
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| colostrum | a specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients & antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest
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| neonate | the newborn infant during the first 4 weeks after birth
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| Apgar score | a scale of 1-10 to evaluate a newborn infant's physical status at 1 & 5 minutes after birth
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| ectopic pregnancy | AKA an extrauterine pregnancy, is a potentially dangerous condition in which a fertilized egg is implanted & begins to develop outside the uterus
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| preeclampsia | AKA pregnancy-induced hypertension or taxemia, is a complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema & proteinuria
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| eclampsia | a more serious form of preeclampsia, is characterized by convulsions & sometimes coma. Treatment for this condition is delivery of the fetus
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| placenta previa | the abnormal implanation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus
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| chorionic villus sampling | the examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi, which are minute, vascular projections on the chorion
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| amniocentesis | a surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid
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| episiotomy | a surgical incision made through the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal
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