Anatomy chapt 13
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| leptin | a hormone secreted by adipocytes (fat cells)
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| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of the extremities (hands & feet) that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
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| cretinism | a congenital form of hypothyroidism. If treatment is not started soon after birth, cretinism causes arrested physical & mental development
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| chemical thyroidectomy | AKA radioactive iodine therapy, is the administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
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| cortisol | AKA hydrocortisone, has an anti-inflammatory action, & it regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats & proteins in the body
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| addison's disease | occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
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| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal glands
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| aldosteronism | an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone
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| Conn's syndrome | a disorder of the adrenal glands due to excessive production of aldosterone
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| Cushing's syndrome | AKA hypercortisolism, is caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
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| diabetes insipidus | is caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone
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| diabetes mellitus | a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both
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| diabetic retinopathy | occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina, causing blood to leak into the posterior segment of the eyeball
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| hypercrinism | a condition due to excessive secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland
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| hypocrinism | a condition caused by deficient secretion of any gland, especially an endocrine gland
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| gigantism | AKA giantism, is abnormal overgrowth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty
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| hyperpituitarism | pathology resulting in the excessive secretion by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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| pituitarism | any disorder of pituitary function
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| pituitary adenoma | AKA a pituitary tumor, is a slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland
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| prolactinoma | AKA a prolactin-producing adenoma, is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin
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| pinealoma | a tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin
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| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | AKA chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack & destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
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| hypothyroidism | AKA an underactive thyroid, is caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion
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| myxedema | AKA adult hypothyroidism, is caused by exteme deficiency of thyroid secretion
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| hyperthyroidism | AKA thyrotoxicosis, is an imbalance of metabolism caused by the overproduction of thyroid hormones
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| Graves' disease | an autoimmune disorder that is caused by hyperthyroidism, is characterized by goiter &/or exophthalmos
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| exophthalmos | an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
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| hypocalcemia | is characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
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| thymitis | an inflammation of the thymus gland
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| thymectomy | the surgical removal of the thymus gland
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| glycogen | the form in which the liver stores the excess glucose
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| insulinoma | a benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin
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| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas
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| hyperglycemia | an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyphagia | excessive hunger
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| polyuria | excessive urination
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| hyperinsulinism | the condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream
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| hypoglycemia | an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood
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| gestational diabetes | a form of diabetes mellitus that occurs during some pregnancies. This condition usually disappears after delivery; however, many of these women later develop type 2 diabetes
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| fructosamine test | measures average glucose levels over the past 3 weeks. The fructosamine test is able to detect changes more rapidly than the HbA1c test
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| electrolytes | mineral substances, such as sodium & potassium, that are normally found in the blood
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| epinephrine | AKA adrena line, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress or other stimuli
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| pheochromocytoma | a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine
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| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands
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| estrogen | important in the development & maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics & in regulation of the menstrual cycle
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| gynecomastia | the condition of excessive mammary development in the male
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| DI | diabetes insipidus
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| DM | diabetes mellitus
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| DR, DRP | diabetic retinopathy
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| FBS | fasting blood sugar
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| FA | fructosamine test
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| GD | Graves' disease
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| HG | hypoglycemia
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| LEP, LPT | leptin
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| PC, PCC, Pheo | pheochromocytoma
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