The Lymphatic System and Immunity-Practice Test
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| Water within capillaries is called? | Plasma
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| Water found in the spaces between cells is called? | Tissue fluid
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| Blood plasma becomes tissue fluid by the process of? | Filtration
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| Tissue fluid that has entered lymph capillaries is called? | Lymph
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| The vessel that empties lymph into the left subclavian vein is the? | Thoracic duct
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| The vessel that empties lymph into the right subclavian vein is the? | Right lymphatic duct
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| The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the? | Lower body
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| Lymph from the lower half and upper left quadrant of the body drains into the? | Thoracic duct
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| Lymph from the upper right quadrant of the body drains into the? | Right lymphatic duct
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| Backflow of lymph in the larger lymph vessels is prevented by? | Valves
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| Lymph is kept moving in the larger lymph vessels by contraction of the _________ in their walls? | Smooth muscle
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| In the larger lymph vessels of the legs, lymph is kept moving by the? | Skeletal muscle pump
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| in the larger lymph vessels in the thoracic cavity, lymph is kept moving by the? | Respiratory pump
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| Lymphocytes are activated and proliferate within? | Lymphatic tissue
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| In general, lymph nodes are located along ________ and ________ flows through them? | Lymph vessels, lymph
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| Lymph nodes and nodules contain ________ to phagocytize pathogens and _________ that produce antibodies? | Macrophages, plasma cells
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| The ______ lymph nodes destroy pathogens in the lymph returning from the arms? | Axillary
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| The ______ lymph nodes destroy pathogens in the lymph returning from the legs? | Inguinal
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| The ______ lymph nodes destroy pathogens in the lymph returning from the head? | Cervical
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| In general, lymph nodules are located beneath the ________ of body tracts lined with __________? | Epithelium, mucous membranes
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| Lymph nodules destroy pathoges that have entered the body by way of? | Natural openings
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| In the abdomen, the spleen is located on the _____ side behind the _____? | Left, stomach
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| The cells in the spleen that phagocytize pathogens are _______, and the cells that produce antibodies are _______? | Macrophages, plasma cells
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| The adult spleen, in terms of its functions, is very similar to a? | Lymph node
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| If the adult spleen must be removed, the organs that will compensate for its functions are the? | Liver and lymph nodes
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| The ______ and ______ are blood cells that are destroyed by the spleen? | RBC, platelets
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| When the spleen destroys old RBCs, _______ is formed from the heme portion of the _______? | Bilirubin, hemoglobin
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| The fetal spleen has a function that ceases after birth; this is the production of? | RBCs
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| In the fetus and young child, the organ that is most important for the development of the immune system is the? | Thymus gland
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| The lymphocytes that are produced by the thymus are called? | T cells
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| In the young child, the thymus is located below the _______ and behind the ______? | Thyroid gland, sternum
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| As a person reaches adulthood, the thymus gland ______ in size? | Decreases
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| Antigens that are found on the cells of an individual are called self? | Antigens
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| Foreign antigens are those that will stimulate production of? | Antibodies
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| Examples of foreign antigens are? | Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, tumor cells
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| The component of immunity that is specific as to antigen is ______ immunity? | Adaptive
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| The component of immunity that is not specific as to antigen is _______ immunity? | Innate
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| The component of immunity that creates memory is ________ immunity? | Adaptiv
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| The component of immunity that does not create memory is ______ immunity? | Innate
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| The component of immunity that may become more efficient with repeated exposures is _____ immunity? | Adaptive
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| The component of immunity that does not become more efficient with repeated exposures is _______ immunity? | Innate
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| In innate immunity, the body's outermost defense is an unbroken? | Stratum corneum; epidermis
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| In innate immunity, defensins are antimicrobial chemicals produced by the cells of the? | Epidermis
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| In innate immunity, the mobile cells of the epidermis that pick up pathogens are? | Langerhans cells
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| In innate immunity, the secondary line of defense that contains mast cells and WBCs is the? | Subcutaneous tissue
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| In the innate immunity, the antibacterial chemical in tears and saliva is? | Lysozyme
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| Ingested pathogens are usually destroyed by the ____ in the stomach? | HCl
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| The respiratory mucosa is lined with ________ to sweep inhaled pathogens out? | Ciliated pathogens
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| The cells of innate immunity that activate the lymphocyes of adaptive immunity are the _______ and ________. | Macrophages and Langerhans cells
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| The cells of innate immunity that are the most important phagocytes are the ______ and the _______? | Macrophages and neutrophils
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| In innate immunity, the nonspecific lymphocytes that use perforins to destroy foreign cells are the? | Natural killer cells
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| The cells on innate immunity that produce histamine and leukotrienes are the _______ and _______? | Basophils and mast cells
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| In innate immunity, two chemicals that make capillaries more permeable are ______ and _______? | Histamine and leukotrienes
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| In innate immunity, the effect of histamine on arterioles is to cause? | Vasodilation
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| In innate immunity, the chemical that inhibits the reproduction of viruses within cells is? | Interferon
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| In innate immunity, the function of interferon is to prevent the reproduction of _______ within cells? | Viruses
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| In innate immunity, the chemical that lyses cellular antifens or labels non-cellular antigens is? | Complement
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| in innate immunity, the purpose of inflammation is to destroy _____ and to permit ______ to begin? | Pathogens, tissue repair
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| In innate immunity, the signs of inflammation are? | Pain, redness, swelling, heat
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| In innate immunity, the function of neutrophis is? | Phagocytosis
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| In innate immunity, the function of basophils is to produce? | Histamine
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| Inflammation is the body's response to? | Damage of any kind
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| In adaptive immunity, the cells that work together are the ________ and the _________? | Macrophages and helper T cells
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| In adaptive immunity, macrophages and helper T cells work together to? | Recognize foreign antigens
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| In adaptive immunity, the cells that have self antigens to be used for comparison to foreign antigens are the? | Macrophages
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| In adaptive immunity, the mechanism that does not involve antibody production is? | Cell-mediated immunity
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| In adaptive immunity, the labeling of a foregn antigen by antibodies is called? | Opsonization
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| In adaptive immunity, the ________ T cells chemically destroy foreign antigens? | Cytotoxic
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| In adaptive immunity, the ________ T cells remember a specific foreign antigen? | Memory
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| In adaptive immunity, the _______ T cells contribute to the recognition of an antigen as foreign? | Helper
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| In adaptive immunity, the ______ T cells activate B cells? | Helper
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| In adaptive immunity, T cells are involved in all aspects of the mechanism called? | Cell-mediated immunity
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| In the embryo, T cells are produced in the ___________ and ________? | Red bone marrow, thymus
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| In the embryo, B cells are are produced in the? | Red bone marrow
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| In adaptive immunity, the B cells that produce anitbodies are called? | Plasma cells
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| In adaptive immunity, the _______ B cells remember a specific foreign antigen? | Memory
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| In adaptive immunity, the process of complement fixation is activated by an? | Antigen-antibody complex
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| In adaptive immunity, the process of complement fixation destroys cellular antigens by? | Lysis; rupturing them
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| In adaptive immunity, the process of complement fixation destroys non-cellular antigens by attracting _______ for _______? | Macrophages, phagocytosis
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| In adaptive immunity, when antibodies bond to bacteria they may cause clumping, which is called? | Agglutination
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| An antibody molecule is made of ______ and is shaped like a? | Protein, Y
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| in adaptive immunity, when antibodies bond to viruses, they change the shape of the viruses, which is called? | Neutralization
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| In adaptive immunity, the bonding of antibodies to a bacterial toxin inactivates the toxin because its _____ has been changed? | Shape
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| In adaptive immunity, a virus with antibodies attached is likely to be ______ by a ________? | Phagocytized, macrophage
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| During the first exposure to a pathogen such as the chickenpox virus, antibodies are produced at a ______ rate of speed and in _____ amounts? | Slow, small
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| After the first exposure to a pathogen such as the chickenpox virus, the person is left with ______ and ______ that are specific for the virus? | Antibodies, memory cells
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| The first exposure to a pathogen such as the chickenpox virus often results in disease because antibodies are produced _______ to prevent it? | Too slowly
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| During the second exposure to a pathogen such as the chickenpox virus, antibodies are produced at a ______ rate of speed and in _____ amounts? | Rapid, large
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| A vaccine may contain a ________ or a ________ as an antigen? | Killed pathogen, part of a pathogen
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| A vaccine stimulates production of ______ and _______? | Antibodies, memory cells
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| A vaccine works because it takes the place of the _________ to the pathogen? | First exposure
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| Virus diseases of plants do not affect people because people have _______ immunity to them? | Genetic
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| Recovery from a disease provides _______ acquired ________ immunity? | Naturally, active
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| A vaccine such as that for measles provides _______ acquired _______ immunity? | Artificially, active
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| Placental transmission of maternal antibodies to a fetus provides _______ acquired _______ immunity? | Naturally, passive
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| An injection of gamma globulins provides _______ acquired ______ immunity? | Artificially, passive
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| Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when a person? | Recovers from a disease
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| Artificailly acquired active immunity occurs when a person? | Receives a vaccine
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| An example of passive immunity that is naturally acquired is? | Placental transmission of antibodies; breast milk
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| An example of passive immunity that is artifically acquired is? | An injection of gamma globulins
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| In any form of passive immunity, the antibodies have come from? | Someone else
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| In any form of active immunity, the antibodies have come from? | The person's own plasma
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| A tetanus booster shot is an example of? | Active immunity
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| An injection of tetanus immune globulin is an example of? | Passive immunity
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